篮球运动员不同视野范围的视觉搜索优势及眼动特征  

Basketball Players' Advantages of Visual Search and the Characteristics of Eye Movements in Different Visual Field

作　　者：付全[1] 冯丽伟 

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191 [2]北京市门头沟区中等职业学校,北京102300

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2014年第4期371-375,共5页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：北京市教委科技面上项目(KM201210029002)

摘　　要：考察篮球运动员在不同视野范围内和有无线索条件下的视觉搜索优势及眼动特征。结果发现:与新手相比,专业组篮球运动员在完成视觉搜索任务时,在正确率较高的基础上,具有明显的速度优势,这种优势并非无条件地表现在中央视野或外周视野,而只在有线索提示的情况下才表现出来;外周视野受线索影响显著,有线索时被试搜索速度增加明显;在有线索条件下,专业组篮球运动员的注视点数目显著少于新手,平均注视时间长于新手;专业组篮球运动员在完成外周视野任务时平均眼跳幅度增加明显,平均眼跳速度显著快于新手。结果表明:专业组篮球运动员的视觉搜索优势主要体现在对线索的利用能力上及在外周视野搜索过程上的眼动优势。In order to examine the differences between basketball players and novice in visual search and eye movements, four sorts of search tasks were designed and the subjects were asked to perform the search tasks of targets, which appeared at central visual field or peripheral visual field with or without cues. The results showed that basketball players were faster than the novices＇ in the search task only with cues. The peripheral visual field was influenced significantly by cues and the participants performed fast in task with cues. In the task with cues, the basketball players~ numbers of fixation were significantly less than the novices＇, while the average fixation duration were longer than the novices＇. The average saccades size of basketball players were significantly longer than the novices＇ and the average saccades veloc ity were faster than the novices＇ in peripheral visual field. The results indicated that basketball players＇ abilities of using advanced visual cues and eye movements were superior to the novices＇.

关 键 词：篮球运动员 视觉搜索 眼动 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]