大气悬浮颗粒物中重金属含量和形态分析  

Research on the Contents and Speciation of Heavy Metals on Atmospheric Particles

作　　者：吴桂萍[1] 黄富[1] 韩进[1] 汪金晶 崔君涛 陈伟[1] 谢达[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学化学与材料科学学院,催化材料科学国家民委-教育部共建重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《中南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期18-21,共4页Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目(BZY12008)

摘　　要：对某大学校园内教学区、生活区和校外交通干道3个采样点秋冬季的大气颗粒物(TSP和PM10)浓度和颗粒物中的重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr的浓度和形态分布进行了研究分析.结果表明:不同区域的TSP和PM10浓度差别较大,其中教学区最高,校外交通干道次之,生活区最低.TSP和PM10中Cu和Cr的含量较低,Zn和Pb的含量较高.TSP中重金属的总含量大于PM10,但是PM10中重金属所占的百分比大于TSP.从形态分布来看,TSP中Zn有40.76%存在于残渣态(S5)中,PM10中Zn有53.43%存在于可交换态(S1).而TSP和PM10中Cu在S1～S4中分布较多,Pb主要存在于残渣态(S5)中,Cr的主要存在形态是氧化物结合态(S3)和残渣态(S5).对TSP和PM10中重金属的生物有效性评价可知,Cu的可生物利用态含量最高,Zn、Pb和Cr的可生物利用态含量较低.Samples of TSP and PM10 were collected in the teaching area, living area, and the main road outside the campus of a university in China during autumn and winter period to evaluate the concentration and speciation of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr in these atmospheric particles. The results showed that the concentration of TSP and PM10 were obviously disparate in different areas, among which the teaching area was the highest, followed by the main roads and the living area. The contents of Cr and Cu were low in TSP and PM10, whereas the contents of Zn and Pb were high. The total content of heavy metals in TSP was higher than that in PMlo, but the percentage of heavy metals in PM10 was higher than that in TSP. Approximately 40.76% of Zn existed in the residue state （$5） in TSP, and about 53.43% of Zn existed in exchangeable state （S1） in PMlo. Cu mainly existed in S1 -S4, and Pb mainly existed in the residue state （S5）, while Cr mainly existed in Oxide state （S3） and the residue state （ S5 ）. The evaluation of bioavailability of heavy metals in the TSP and PMl0 showed that the content of bioavailable state Cu was highest, while Zn, Pb and Cr were lower.

关 键 词：悬浮颗粒物 重金属 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]