甘肃省苹果叶斑病病原菌鉴定及交叉保护作用研究  

Identification and its cross protection on pathogens of apple leaf spot in Gansu Province

作　　者：邵旭平 钟小刚[2] 薛应钰[2] 刘佳[2] 张树武[2] 王卫雄[2] 徐秉良[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州市城关区农业技术推广服务中心,甘肃兰州730030 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2014年第3期78-84,共7页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：农业部公益性行业专项(201203034);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903004);国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28);国家星火计划项目(2013GA860001)

摘　　要：为了确定引起甘肃省苹果叶斑病的病原菌种类,对从甘肃省不同苹果产区苹果病叶上分离得到的2株病原菌A1和A2进行了形态学鉴定和株系间交叉保护作用研究.形态学鉴定结果表明:在PCA培养基上,A1菌落黑色,具明显的同心轮纹,第7天产孢量为3.5×105个/mL,分生孢子大小平均为38.8μm×9.6μm;A2菌落墨绿色,气生菌丝旺盛,第7天产孢量为3.0×105个/mL,分生孢子大小平均为35.2μm×9.4μm.分子生物学鉴定结果表明:菌株A1和A2与Alternaria mali的同源性均达到100%,并结合形态学、致病性和ITS序列分析,将菌株A1鉴定为A.mali强毒株系,即苹果斑点落叶病致病菌;菌株A2鉴定为A.mali弱毒株系,即苹果轮斑病致病菌.A1和A2株系间交叉保护作用结果表明,菌株A2对A1表现出明显的交叉保护作用,能够显著降低A1菌株对叶片的侵染能力.To clarify the pathogen species of apple leaf spot caused by Alternariasp.in Gansu province,two main strains A1 and A2 were isolated from infected leaves of apple tree in different areas of Gansu.The pathogen species were identified and its cross protection was studied in this study.The morphology identification results showed that the colony of A1 on PCA medium was black,with a distinct commutatively concentric rings,and the number of conidia were produced by 3.5×10^5 cfu/mL after 7 days,and the average size of conidia was 38.8μm×9.6μm.The colony of A2 was dark green,but the aerial hyphae were stronger than A1,the number of conidia were produced by 3.0 ×10^5 cfu/mL after 7 days,the average size of conidia was 35.2×9.4μm.Meanwhile,they could cause similar symptoms in the field while were inoculated in vitro,but the pathogenicity of A1 was stronger than A2.The molecular identification results revealed that the sequence homologous rates of A1 and A2 were 100%,compared with A.mali.Combination of mor-phological,pathogenic characteristics and ITS sequence,the strain of A1 was identified as virulent strain and the pathogen of apple Altemnariablotch,and A2 was identified as attenuated strain and the pathogen of the ring spot of apple.The cross protection results showed that A2 has obvious cross protection effects on A1,and significantly reduced its infection.

关 键 词：苹果叶斑病 形态学 分子生物学 鉴定 交叉保护作用 

分 类 号：S436.611[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]