不同数据集下西北太平洋热带气旋变性特征的比较  

COMPARISONS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES EXPERIENCING TRANSITION IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC BASED ON DIFFERENT DATASETS

作　　者：孙红梅[1,2] 汤杰[2] 雷小途[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国气象局上海台风研究所,上海200030

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2014年第3期443-454,共12页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2009CB421504);国家自然科学基金项目(40905029;40830958;40921160381);公益性行业科研专项项目(GYHY201006008)共同资助

摘　　要：利用中国（CMA）、日本（JMA）、美国（JTWC）三家西北太平洋热带气旋（TC）年鉴资料,研究了西北太平洋TC变性资料的差异情况。结果表明：（1）2004—2010年,JTWC在TC变性认定、变性时间判定及变性后维持时间上与CMA、JMA差异较大,而后两家较一致;（2）1951—2010年,CMA与JMA两家差异主要在TC变性认定及变性后维持时间上,这与目前业务中仍无统一的客观TC变性判别标准不无关系;（3）西北太平洋变性TC气候特征比较发现,CMA年鉴TC变性比例较JMA低且呈下降趋势,JMA则基本不变;TC变性主要集中在6—11月,2月变性纬度最南,8月最北,8月后南撤;易发生变性的纬度带和区域分别是35-45°N和日本及以东洋面;TC变性时的强度随变性纬度增加而增强,大陆或近海变性的TC强度弱于海洋上发生变性的TC;完成变性前24 h,TC的强度基本逐渐减弱,变性后CMA（JMA）有21%（27%）的TC经历增强。针对变性资料的差异,建议业务中加强TC变性客观判别方法的使用。The differences in the climatology of extratropical transition（ET） of western North Pacific tropical cyclones（TCs） were investigated in this study using the TCs best-track datasets of China Meteorological Administration（CMA）, Japan Meteorological Agency（JMA） and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center（JTWC）. The results show that the ET identification, ET completion time, and post-ET duration reported in the JTWC dataset are greatly different from those in CMA and JMA datasets during 2004-2010. However, the key differences between the CMA and JMA datasets from 1951 to 2010 are the ET identification and the post-ET duration, because of inconsistent objective ET criteria used in the centers. Further analysis indicates that annual ET percentage of CMA was lower than that of JMA, and exhibited an interannual decreasing trend, while that of JMA was an unchanged trend. The western North Pacific ET events occurred mainly during the period June to November. The latitude of ET occurrence shifted northward from February to August, followed by a southward shift. Most of ET events were observed between 35° N and 45° N. From a regional perspective, TCs tended to undergo ET in Japan and the ocean east to it. It is found that TCs which experienced the ET process at higher latitudes were generally more intense at the ET completion time. TCs completing the ET overland or offshore were weaker than those finishing the ET over the ocean. Most of the TCs weakened 24 h before the completion of ET. In contrast, 21%（27%） of the TCs showed an intensification process based on the CMA（JMA） dataset during the post-ET period. The results presented in this study indicate that consistent ET determination criteria are needed to reduce the uncertainty involved in ET identification among the centers.

关 键 词：西北太平洋 不同数据集 热带气旋 变性 气候差异 比较分析 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]