中山地区乡镇和城区3~14岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽问卷调查分析  

Incidence of wheezing and chronic cough in children aged 3-14 years in rural and urban areas of Zhongshan,China:a questionnaire survey

作　　者：黄东明[1] 肖晓雄[1] 付四毛[1] 骆翠媚[1] 王克明[1] 汪叶红[1] 冯垣辉[1] 阮健[1] 郑伯强[1] 黄娟[1] 黎敏[1] 崔碧云[1] 李岚[1] 黄桂珍[1] 郭小玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山市博爱医院儿科/哮喘及免疫治疗中心,广东中山528403

出　　处：《中国当代儿科杂志》2014年第7期734-739,共6页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

基　　金：广东省卫生厅医学科研立项课题(A2005810);中山市卫生局医学科研立项课题(J2011083)

摘　　要：目的探讨中山地区不同生活环境3-14岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽情况的发生特点。方法按照2010年全国0-14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查统一方案,以问卷调查的方式,对中山市城区和乡镇3-14岁儿童为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果共15 763名儿童纳入研究,其中城区8 248名,乡镇7 515名;男童8 306名,女童7 457名。城区儿童既往喘息发生率高于乡镇儿童（6.6%vs 3.2%,P〈0.05）,城区和乡镇男童均高于女童（P〈0.05）。城区儿童最近1年喘息发生率高于乡镇儿童（2.8%vs 1.5%,P〈0.05）,城区和乡镇男童均高于女童（P〈0.05）。城区儿童曾有咳嗽持续1个月的发生率高于乡镇儿童（7.9%%vs 3.1%,P〈0.05）。上述3个症状的发生率均以6岁以前发生率较高,各年龄组间的比较,除城区和乡镇女童最近1年喘息发生率的比较差异无统计学意义外,其余均有统计学意义。结论中山地区3-14岁儿童喘息和慢性咳嗽的发生具有年龄、性别和居住区域的差异,表现为6岁以前发生率较高,城区高于乡镇,男童高于女童。Objective To investigate the incidence of wheezing and chronic cough in children aged 3-14 years in different living areas of Zhongshan, China. Methods According to the unified program of the 2010 national epidemiological survey of asthmatic children aged 0-14 years, a questionnaire survey of the children aged 3-14 years in rural and urban areas of Zhongshan was conducted. Results A total of 15 763 children were included in the survey. Among all participants, 8 248 were from the urban area, and 7 515 from the rual area; 8 306 were boys, and 7 457 were girls. The percentage of children with a history of wheezing was significantly higher in the urban group than in the rural group（6.6% vs 3.2%; P〈0.05）, and it was significantly higher in boys than in girls for each group（P〈0.05）. The urban group had a significantly higher percentage of individuals who had wheezing in the past one year than the rural group（2.8% vs 1.5%; P〈0.05）, and this percentage was significantly higher in boys than in girls for each group（P〈0.05）. Compared with the rural group, the urban group had a significantly higher percentage of individuals who had chronic cough（duration 1 year）（7.9% vs 3.1%; P〈0.05）. The above indices were relatively high in children under 6 years of age, and all but the percentage of girls who had wheezing in the past one year in both rural and urban areas showed significant differences between all age groups. Conclusions The incidence of wheezing and chronic cough varies with age, sex, and living area for children aged 3-14 years in Zhongshan, and it is relatively high under 6 years of age, in the urban area, and among boys.

关 键 词：喘息 慢性咳嗽 流行病学调查 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]