光照条件对‘寒富’苹果叶片结构和光合特性的影响  

Effects of light condition on structure and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in ‘Hanfu' apple

作　　者：马慧丽[1] 吕德国[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第7期1927-1932,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家农业部"948"计划项目(2006-G28);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20082121)资助

摘　　要：以‘寒富’苹果为试材,利用光学显微镜技术和气体交换等方法,研究了光照条件对盆栽和田间条件下‘寒富’苹果叶片结构和光合特性的影响.结果表明:同种栽培方式下,与全光照条件相比,遮阴环境下‘寒富’苹果叶片的栅栏组织、海绵组织以及叶片总厚度均降低,其中,栅栏组织分别降低34.5%(盆栽)和25.0%(大田),叶片总厚度分别降低27.1%(盆栽)和18.3%(大田);遮阴环境下大田‘寒富’苹果叶片的光补偿点(LCP)最低,为(30.8±1.3)μmol·m-2·s-1,全光照比遮阴环境下叶片饱和光强分别高22.7%(盆栽)和48.2%(大田);盆栽不同光照环境下叶片对强光的适应能力不同,突然转入强光下,达到最大光合速率15.4μmol·m-2·s-1(盆栽全光照)和12.7μmol·m-2·s-1(盆栽遮阴)的光合启动时间不同,分别为23和33 min.表明长期遮阴影响‘寒富’苹果叶片质量及光合能力.By using microscope technique and gas exchange method, the effects of light conditions on structure and photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves were studied with potted and fielded ＇ Hanfu＇ apple as materials. The results showed that the palisade tissue, spongy tissue and the total leaf thickness of ＇ Hanfu＇ apple was declined under the weak light environment, the palisade tissue were declined by 34.5% （pot） and 25.0% （field）, and the total leaf thickness were declined by 27.1% （pot） and 18.3% （field）. The light compensation point （LCP） of the field shading leaves was lowest （30.8＋1.3 p, mol m-2 ~ s-1 ）, the saturation point （LSP） in full light was 22.7% （pot） and 48.2% （field） higher than in shading, respectively. The adaptability of the potted ＇ Hanfu＇ apple leaves built under different light conditions had different resistivity after exposing to high light, the startup time of maximum photosynthetic rates （ 15.4μmol m-2 s-1 in full light and 12.7 μmol m-2 s-1 in shading） were different, which was 23 min and 33 min, respectively. Long-time shading impacted on the quality and photosynthetic capacity of ＇ Hanfu＇ apple leaves.

关 键 词：叶片结构 光合特性 光照条件 '寒富’苹果 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]