高产磷高效水稻磷素吸收利用特征  

Characteristics of phosphorus uptake and use efficiency of rice with high yield and high phosphorus use efficiency

作　　者：李莉[1] 张锡洲[1] 李廷轩[1] 余海英[1] 戢林[1] 陈光登[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源环境学院,四川温江611130

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第7期1963-1970,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：四川省科技支撑项目(2013NZ0044);四川省科技厅应用基础项目(2010JY0083);四川农业大学双支计划项目资助

摘　　要：通过正常供磷的大田试验(2011年),以产量和磷籽粒生产效率为指标,将27份中熟水稻亲本材料划分为4个类型,再通过正常和低磷处理的土培试验(2012年),筛选出高产磷高效水稻材料,并探讨各种磷效率对产量的贡献率.结果表明:结合两年的试验结果,供试材料的产量和磷利用效率均存在显著的基因型差异,筛选出GR泸17/矮TTP//泸17_2(QR20)为高产磷高效材料.在两个供磷水平下,QR20的产量和磷利用效率均显著高于低产磷低效材料玉香B,其产量分别是玉香B的1.96和1.92倍.大田和土培试验结果均表明,磷积累量对产量的贡献率均高于磷籽粒生产效率和磷收获指数.正常供磷条件下,磷积累量和磷籽粒生产效率对产量的贡献率差异不大,低磷条件下差异较大(66.5%和26.6%),磷收获指数对产量的贡献率最低,最高仅为11.8%(土培).土培试验中,正常供磷条件下,拔节-抽穗阶段的磷积累量对产量和磷收获指数的贡献率最高,分别为93.4%和85.7%,对磷籽粒生产效率的贡献率为41.8%;在低磷条件下,分蘖-拔节阶段的磷积累量对产量和磷籽粒生产效率的贡献率最高,分别为56.9%和20.1%,对磷收获指数的贡献率为16.0%.土培正常供磷条件下,水稻QR20的产量、磷积累量和磷收获指数相对于低磷处理分别增加了20.6%、18.1%和18.2%,差异显著.综上,磷效率对水稻产量的贡献率大小依次为磷吸收效率>利用效率>转运效率;正常供磷条件下,拔节-抽穗阶段的磷积累量对产量的贡献率最高,低磷胁迫下,分蘖-拔节阶段的磷积累量对产量的贡献率最高,这两个阶段可能是水稻高产磷高效协调统一的关键时期.A total of twenty seven middle maturing rice varieties as parent materials were divided in- to four types based on P use efficiency for grain yield in 2011 by field experiment with normal phosphorus （P） application. The rice variety with high yield and high P efficiency was identified by pot experiment with normal and low P applications, and the contribution rates of various P efficiencies to yield were investigated in 2012. There were significant genotype differences in yield and P effi- ciency of the test materials. GRLu17/AiTTP//Lu17_2 （ QR20 ） was identified as a variety with high yield and high P efficiency, and its yields at the low and normal rates of P application were 1.96 and 1.92 times of that of Yuxiang B, respectively. The contribution rate of P accumulation to yield was greater than that of P grain production efficiency and P harvest index across field and pot experiments. The contribution rates of P accumulation and P grain production efficiency to yield were not significantly different under the normal P condition, whereas obvious differences were ob- served under the low P condition （66.5% and 26.6% ）. The minimal contribution to yield was P harvest index （11.8%）. Under the normal P condition, the contribution rates of P accumulation to yield and P harvest index were the highest at the jointing-heading stage, which were 93.4% and 85.7%, respectively. In addition, the contribution rate of P accumulation to grain production efficiency was 41.8%. Under the low P condition, the maximal contribution rates of P accumulation to yield and grain production efficiency were observed at the tillering-jointing stage, which were 56.9% and 20.1% respectively. Furthermore, the contribution rate of P accumulation to P harvest index was 16.0%. The yield, P accumulation, and P harvest index of QR20 significantly increased under the normal P condition by 20.6% , 18.1% and 18.2% respectively compared with that in the low P condition. The rank of the contribution rates of P efficiencies to the yield wa

关 键 词：水稻 磷积累量 磷籽粒生产效率 磷收获指数 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]