盐度对脊尾白虾亲虾抱卵及其子代生长发育的影响  

Effects of salinity on spawning and larval development of Exopalaemon carinicauda

作　　者：梁俊平[1] 李健[2] 李吉涛[2] 刘萍[2] 赵法箴[2] 聂国兴[1] 李学军[1] 孔祥会[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学水产学院,河南新乡453007 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第7期2105-2113,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"863"高技术研究发展计划项目(2012AA10A409);国家虾产业技术体系项目(CARS-47);山东省自主创新专项(2013CX80202);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201103034);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2013A0701);河南师范大学博士科研启动经费项目(QD13054)资助

摘　　要：选用室内人工培育的性腺已发育到Ⅱ期的脊尾白虾亲虾,经逐级淡化后,盐度稳定在2、5、10、15、20、25、30,研究了盐度对雌虾抱卵、胚胎发育及子代生长发育的影响.结果表明：在试验盐度范围内脊尾白虾性腺均可发育成熟,但在盐度2时无法完成抱卵,最适抱卵盐度为10~20;在抱卵盐度范围内,胚胎均可正常发育,盐度对胚胎发育速率影响显著,15、20、25盐度下的孵化时间显著低于其他盐度组;盐度对脊尾白虾幼体后的变态和存活无显著影响,但对仔虾的个体干质量影响显著,15和20盐度下仔虾的干质量显著高于其他盐度组;盐度对20日龄脊尾白虾的生长影响显著,其特定生长率随着盐度升高而逐渐增大,在盐度20时达到最大,之后开始降低;鳃Na＋-K＋-ATPase的mRNA相对表达量在高盐或低盐时均较高,表达量最低时的理论盐度为17.5,可能为脊尾白虾的等渗点.研究表明,脊尾白虾亲虾可在较广盐度范围内繁殖,20日龄脊尾白虾在其理论等渗点附近具有较快的生长速度.Female Exopalaemon carinicauda at ovarian maturation stage II rearing by artificial propagation in the laboratory were chosen as test material. The shrimps were gradually acclimated to the experimental salinity levels of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 to determine the effects of salinity on spawning, embryonic development and larval growth of E. carinicauda. The results showed that the ovaries of female E. carinicauda could mature at all test salinity levels. However, it failed to spawn at salinity 2. Salinity levels from 10 to 20 were the most favorable for female E. carinicauda spawning. Although larval development was most successful in eggs incubated at salinity levels of 5 to 30, embryonic development were significantly affected by salinity, and the egg incubation period was shorter at salinities of 15, 20 and 25 than at the other salinities. There were no significant effects of salinity on the rates of larval metamorphosis and survival, but the dry mass of individuals was significantly affected by salinity. The dry mass of shrimps reared at salinities of 15 and 20 were significantly higher than at the other salinities. The growth of 20-day old shrimps was significantly affected by salinity. The specific growth rate increased with the increasing salinity level from 5 to 20, and then decreased at the salinity above 20. The mRNA level of gill Na＋-K＋-ATPase was high at high and low salinities, and the lowest at the theoretical salinity 17.5, which might be equal to the hemolymph osmotic pressure of E. carinicauda. It was implied that female parent E. carinicau- da could reproduce in a wide range of salinities, while 20-day old shrimps presented higher growth rates at salinities near its theoretical isosmotic point.

关 键 词：脊尾白虾 盐度 繁殖 生长发育 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]