陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环的基本科学问题、理论框架与研究方法  

FUNDAMENTAL SCIENTIFIC ISSUES,THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND RELATIVE RESEARCH METHODS OF CARBON-NITROGEN-WATER COUPLING CYCLES IN TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

作　　者：于贵瑞[1] 王秋凤[1] 方华军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)综合研究中心,北京100101

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2014年第4期683-698,682,共16页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(批准号:31290221);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973项目)(批准号:2010CB833504);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(批准号:XDA05050600)共同资助

摘　　要：陆地生态系统碳循环、氮循环和水循环是生态系统生态学和全球变化科学研究长期被关注的三大物质循环,它们表征着全球、区域及典型生态系统的能量流动、养分循环和水循环。然而,自然界的生态系统碳循环、氮循环和水循环是相互联动、不可分割的耦合体系,在生态学、生理学、生物化学等方面受多个生物、物理、化学和生物学过程的调节和控制。本文在综合论述陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环研究的理论和实践意义的基础上,探讨了陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环的关键过程,提出该研究领域的基本科学问题,重点分析了植被-大气、土壤-大气和根系-土壤3个界面上碳、氮、水交换的生物物理过程,典型生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环的生物学化学过程,制约典型生态系统碳-氮-水循环耦合关系的生态系统生态学机制,以及制约生态系统碳-氮-水循环空间格局耦联关系的生物地理生态学机制。在现有科学研究的基础上,构建了陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环机制的逻辑框架系统,讨论了开展陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环研究的主要技术途径与方法。The cycles of carbon,nitrogen and water in terrestrial ecosystems are the three main substance cycles concerned by ecosystem ecology and global change science for a long time.They represent the energy flow,nutrient and water cycles of global,regional and typical ecosystems.However,the cycles of carbon,nitrogen and water in natural ecosystems are closely linked and coupled,and are controlled and regulated by multiple biological,physical,and chemical processes.In this paper,based on a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and practical significances of carbon-nitrogen-water coupling cycles in terrestrial ecosystems,we firstly explored the key processes of carbon-nitrogen-water coupling cycles in terrestrial ecosystems,and raised the basic scientific issues in this research field.Second,we mainly analyzed the biophysical processes of carbon,nitrogen and water from vegetationatmospheric,soil-atmospheric and root-soil interfaces,and clarified the biological and chemical processes of carbon,nitrogen and water cycles in typical ecosystems.Third,we pointed out the ecosystem ecological mechanisms constraining the carbon-nitrogen-water coupling cycles in terrestrial ecosystems,as well as the biogeographical mechanisms constraining the spatial pattern of carbon-nitrogen-water coupling relationships.Finally,on the basis of existing scientific studies,we built up the logical framework for researching the carbonnitrogen-water coupling cycles in terrestrial ecosystems,and discussed the main technical approaches and methods for studying it.

关 键 词：陆地生态系统碳-氮-水耦合循环 耦合循环的关键过程 耦合关系的形成机制 生态系统生态学机制 生物地理生态学机制 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]