靠港期舰艇军人焦虑、抑郁状况及其影响因素分析  

The status and affecting factors of anxiety and depression in Chinese warship servicemen

作　　者：王晓燕[1] 张鸿凯[1] 杨超 曹正旺[3] 

机构地区：[1]海军总医院海军卫生防疫队,北京101113 [2]新疆精神卫生中心临床心理二科,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]第三军医大学军事预防医学院,重庆400038

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2014年第6期543-546,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

摘　　要：目的了解靠港期舰艇军人焦虑、抑郁情绪状况及其影响因素,为有效干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)、Beck-抑郁量表(BDI)、20个条目多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)中文版、应付方式问卷(CSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、个人评价问卷(PEI)和自编一般资料问卷测评453名舰艇军人。结果状态焦虑(S-AI)得分(40.88±9.17),特质焦虑(T-AI)得分(41.02±8.32),与参照常模(39.71±8.89,41.11±7.74)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);被试中BDI≤4分130人(28.7%),5~13分196人(43.3%),14~20分77人(17.0%),≥21分50人(11.0%)。STAI得分和BDI得分与TAS总分及各因子分、不成熟应对方式(自责、幻想、退避)、混合型应对方式(合理化)呈正相关,具有统计学意义(r=0.125~0.535,P<0.01);与成熟应对方式(解决问题、求助)、SSRS各分量表及PEI得分呈负相关,具有统计学意义(r=-0.167^-0.462,P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示对S-AI评分有显著影响因素从大到小为:T-AI、BDI、TAS的F1因子、支持利用度;对T-AI评分有显著影响因素从大到小为:S-AI、BDI、幻想、PEI、解决问题、客观支持;对BDI得分有显著影响因素从大到小为:自责、T-AI、S-AI、解决问题、PEI、TAS的F1因子、受教育年限。结论靠港期舰艇军人的焦虑水平与普通人群无差异;以BDI≥14为抑郁筛选划界分则抑郁检出率为28.0%。述情障碍、社会支持、应对方式及个人评价是影响其焦虑、抑郁状况的重要因素。Objective To investigate the status and its affecting factors of anxiety and depression in warship servicemen. Methods 453 male warship servicemen were selected by cluster random sampling and evaluated with the State- Trait Anxiety Inventory （STAI） , Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） , 20 - item Toronto Alexithymia Scale （TAS-20） Chinese version, Coping Style Questionnaires （CSQ）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）, Personal Evaluation Inventory （PEI） and General Information Questionnaire. Results The State Anxiety Inventory （S-AI） scores （40. 88±9. 17） and Trait Anxiety Inventory （T-AI） scores （41.02 ±8. 32） had no significant difference compared to the national norm （P 〉 0. 05）. 28.7% were selected with BDI≤4, 43.3% were selected with 5≤ BDI≤ 13, 17. 0% were selected with 14≤ BDI ≤20, and 11.0% were selected with BDI ≥21. The STAI and BDI scores were significantly positively related to the TAS, immature coping style and mixed coping style scores （ r = 0. 125 - 0. 535, P 〈 0. 01 ） , and significantly negatively related to the mature coping style, SSRS and PEI scores （ r = - 0. 167 - - 0. 462, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The result of stepwise analysis showed that significant factors affecting S-AI scores were the scores of T-AI, BDI, F1 （TAS） and Utilization of Support. Factors affecting T-AI scores were the S-AI, BDI, Fantasy, PEI, Problem-solving and Objective Support scores. Factors affecting BDI scores were the Self-accusation, T-AI, S-AI, Problem-solving, PEI, F1 scores and Education Years. Conclusion The warship servicemen showed normal anxiety level compared to the general group and the detection rate of depression was 28. 0% with a BDI cut-off score 14. Alexithymia, social support, coping style and personal evaluation were the main influencing factors of anxiety and depression in warship servicemen.

关 键 词：焦虑 抑郁 影响因素 舰艇军人 横断面调查 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] B844.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]