清代晋商家族代际流动分析——以山西榆次常氏为中心的考察  

The Intergenerational Mobility Analysis of Jin Merchant Family in Qing Dynasty——Center on the Yuci Chang's Family in Shanxi Province

作　　者：郭娟娟[1] 张喜琴[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学晋商学研究所,山西太原030006 [2]山西财经大学国际贸易学院,山西太原030006

出　　处：《安徽史学》2014年第4期119-126,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：2013年度教育部人文社科青年基金项目<清代晋商与中俄陆路贸易>(13YJC790206)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：以代际流动这一社会学视角为切入点,研究商人家族代际流动问题,有助于从动态的历史性角度找出影响代际流动趋势的因素。晋商家族代际流动具有鲜明的地域特色和时代特征,文章以榆次常氏家族为例进行了分析。18世纪中叶至19世纪初,子代多继承父业进行经商,从商人数比例远大于从事其它职业的比例,其成员通过捐纳或结交官员上行流动。嘉道年间,东掌制趋于完善,财东不直接参与商业经营,家族人口产生富余,致使未从事商业的子孙转向读书科举或另谋它途。晋商家族代际流动状况还揭示了特定时代商人阶层的发展动态。19世纪末20世纪初,晋商家族商业破产,社会地位整体下降,而重视读书科举教育的家族成员转型为新精英阶层。The sociological perspective as the starting point to intergenerational mobility,this researches was center on the intergenerational mobility problems of merchant family,which can identify the impact factors which affect the trend of intergenerational mobility from a dynamic perspective.The intergenerational mobility of Jin merchants family has distinct regional and time characteristics;the Chang’s family in Yuci was the focus of our discussion.From the middle of the 18th century to the early 19th century,many offspring inherited his father’s profession for business.So the proportion for business of the offspring was much greater than that engaged in other occupations.These offspring had a higher social status through contributing money or contacting with officials.During Jiaqing and Daoguang period,the stockholder-shopkeeper system tended to improve,the stockholder of Jin merchants need not directly involved in commercial operations and the family produced more surplus population,the offspring who had not engaged in the business turned to imperial examination or fined another way.The intergenerational mobility situation of Jin merchants family also reveals the dynamic development of merchant class in a particular era.In the late 19th and early 20th century,the business of Jin merchants family bankrupted and their social status seriously declined. At this point,the members of family who pay attention to the imperial examination and education transformed to the new social＆amp;nbsp;elite.

关 键 词：晋商家族 代际流动 榆次常氏 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]