蒙元初期“汉人无统蒙古军”之制发微  

The Rule of "The Han Officers Are Not Permitted to Lead Mongolian Troops" in the Earlier Period of Mongol and Yuan Empire

作　　者：周思成[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央编译局

出　　处：《民族研究》2014年第4期98-109,126,共12页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：2012年度国家社科基金重大项目“《元典章》校释与研究”(项目批准号:12&ZD143)阶段性成果

摘　　要："汉人无统蒙古军"之制是实行于蒙元初期的一种军事制度,该制度限制包括汉、契丹、女真等族在内的"汉人"族群不得统领蒙古军;在不同族群的军队联合作战时,"汉人"亦不得担任主将。但事实上,在一定条件下,蒙古征服者也容许"汉人"临时或较长久地统领小规模的蒙古部队,或是作为高级军政长官节制辖区内的蒙古、汉军,甚至允许"汉人"独任主将指挥蒙古、汉军进行较大规模的战役。这一状况说明,一方面征服王朝对被征服族群施行以"族群等级制"为代表的"制御之术",另一方面,征服王朝的权力基础及其对被征服族群动员具有极大的灵活性和多样性。' The Han officers are not permitted to lead Mongolian troops' was a conventional military system laid by Mongol rulers in the earlier period of Mongol and Yuan Empire,which specified that the officers from the Han ethnic group,including those from the north Chinese,the Han,the Khitan,and the Jurchen,were not qualified to lead troops purely composed of Mongols,that they could not be appointed as the commander in chief when ethnically different troops were in joint operations.Nevertheless actually,under some particular conditions,whether long or short term,the members of the Han ethnic group were indeed allowed to command a Mongolian troop,or they were appointed as the officer of the highest rank in their theater of operations in regulating all relevant troops,or in some rare cases,even as the commander in chief in commanding complex great campaigns.This indicated not only that the Mongol conquerors had to rely on an ethnic class system to rule the conquered,but also that this system was originally not devoid of some flexibility or variability.

关 键 词：族群等级制 军事制度 汉人 蒙古军 

分 类 号：K247[历史地理—历史学]