大型主题公园发展与城市居民就业——对华侨城主题公园就业分配的考察  

Can Urban Theme Parks Increase Employment Opportunities for Local Residents: An Empirical Study of OCT Parks, China

作　　者：梁增贤[1,2] 保继刚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学旅游发展与规划研究中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2014年第8期62-69,共8页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41301146);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(中山大学40000-3161113)共同资助~~

摘　　要：传统城市旅游就业研究侧重总体效应评估,忽略了具体的就业分配,也缺乏对就业者生活境况的实际考察,这正是旅游就业研究的"断层"。文章通过对华侨城主题公园这一典型城市大型旅游项目的探索性案例研究,围绕城市大型旅游项目开发能否为本地居民创造就业,改善就业者生活境况展开讨论。文章首先指出,中国城市大型主题公园与欧美主题公园在就业分配及就业者生活境况方面存在较大差异,欧美国家的研究结论并不能直接借鉴到中国。案例研究的结果表明:第一,主题公园这类城市大型旅游项目所创造的就业具有结构性(包括正规部门就业和非正规部门就业),不可等同视之;第二,这类具有结构性就业的分配呈现明显的"外向型"特征,主要面向外来务工者。在没有其他干预的情况下,这类旅游项目开发所带来的就业将主要面向外来务工者;第三,就业者的实际生活质量并不乐观,旅游就业在改善就业者生活质量的积极效果不宜夸大。该研究为反思传统城市旅游就业评估提供了新思路和新证据。The most direct impact of urban tourism in host communities is tourism-related employment, which provides a source of livelihood for local residents and helps improve their quality of life （QOL）. This is the main reason for the development of urban tourism projects such as theme parks in modem China. However, these positive effects of urban tourism on improving employment opportunities are often overlooked in tourism research as well as in policy making. For example, does the presence of an urban theme park increase employment opportunities for local residents？ What kinds of jobs are provided for local residents that can improve their QOL？ Based on a survey of four theme parks （Happy Valley in Shenzhen and Beijing, Windows of the World, and Splendid China Folk Village） operated by the OCT Group in Beijing and Shenzhen, the first-tier larger cities of China, this study examines the structure and distribution of employment at a theme park and its impact upon the employee QOL of emloyees. Some significant structural differences in employment at theme parks between China and other countries were identified （Did you study other country theme parks？）. The employment opportunities provided by theme parks can be divided into formal （or standard employment in the formal sector） and informal employment （including nonstandard employment in the formal sector and employment in the informal sector）. For most American theme parks, most workers are employed in nonstandard employment in the formal sector, but less than 10% are employed in standard employment in the formal sector. A very tiny minority are employed in the informal sector. In China, theme parks provide a larger proportion of informal sector employment and standard employment in the formal sector, but a very few workers are employed in nonstandard employment in the formal sector. Even more importantly, most employment opportunities provided by theme parks are not for local residents. Without other interventions, the employment opportunities

关 键 词：旅游就业 主题公园 非正规部门 华侨城主题公园 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济]