古典自然法学说的经验难题与逻辑困境——以法正当性问题的道德面向为视角  

On the Empirical Difficulty and the Logical Dilemma of Classical Theory of Natural Law: A Moral Perspective on the Legitimacy of Law

作　　者：陈征楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第4期150-156,共7页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目"对法正当性问题的道德思考"(x2fxD2118820)

摘　　要：法的正当性问题是西方法律思想史中历久不衰的经典问题,关乎法律价值、法律理念、法律文化、法律权威等一系列重大的理论问题,而其中的要害在于法与道德的关系。在形塑西方现代文化风格的启蒙时代,古典自然法学说是针对该问题进行研讨的经典学派,对后世学派产生了十分重要的影响。对其围绕法正当性问题的研讨思路进行结构性分析,是在该问题上获得理论创新的逻辑起点。在使人的主体性获得空前解放与现实效应的同时,典型的古典自然法学说在论证思路上主要面临两大问题。首先,以世俗人性作为论证法律道德正当性的现实起点在经验上面临瓶颈;其次,以实然要素作为理论支撑论证该种正当性在逻辑上存在瑕疵。The legitimacy of law is a perennial, classical subject in the history of legal thought. It involves many fundamental theoretical problems, such as legal value, legal idea, legal culture, and legal authority, and the vital aspect of this subject has hinged upon the relationship between law and morality. In the age of Enlightenment that constructed the modern style of western culture, classical theory of natural law represented the principal approach to constructing the moral legitimacy of law and exerted enormous influence on later theories. Applying structural analysis to the subject of the legitimacy of law is the logical starting point for the innovation on this subject. While liberating human subjectivity in an unprecedented manner with practical effects, classical theory of natural law ran into two main difficulties in its line of argument. First, any practical starting point on the basis of secular human nature to argue for moral laws faced nearly insurmountable empirical difficulties. Second, the demonstration of factual elements as a theoretical support for such legitimacy is flawed with logical deficiencies.

关 键 词：古典自然法 正当性 道德 

分 类 号：D903[政治法律—法学理论]