从历法后天看汉初历改的原因  

On the Reason of Calendrical Adjustment Following the Astronomical Phenomena in Early Han Times

作　　者：李忠林[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《史学月刊》2014年第8期23-32,41,共11页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社科基金(编号:11FZS007);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(编号:10LZUJBWZY029)资助

摘　　要：依据史书和历简推算,西汉高祖五年(公元前202年)、文帝后元元年(公元前163年)和武帝太初元年(公元前104年)共发生过三次历法改动,其中前两次仅调小了朔小余余分,未改正朔。表面看三次历改是为了消弭历法后天的弊端,但每次历改减少的朔小余余分显然远不足以抵消累积的后天数值。通过分析历改前后后天数值变动情况,会发现其后天数据正好处于一个明显的低谷,因而可以暂时掩盖历法后天的真相,而问题却并未得到解决。事实上,历改的策划者主要是为新历寻找一个具有天命色彩的起算点,而并未过多关注历法的实际合天程度。太初改历时正朔服色的改动更是为了迎合五德终始说和三统论的天命理论。There were three calendar adjustments in the Han times based on the record and the computation according to the calendar bamboo script. The three times of calendar adjustments occurred separately in the year of 202,163 and104 B. C. and in the first two times only minor adjustment had been made about the first day of a lunar month. In surface the aim of this calendar adjustment was correcting illness about calendar date later than astronomical phenomena. But by analyzing its adjustments and results their real purpose is exposed. The schemers of calendar adjustments wanted to find out a heavenly mandate beginning day for their new calendar, they didn＇ t mind whether it was consistent with astronomical phenomena. Change in cloth color of the first day of a lunar month in the Taichu calendar adjustment was with a motive of catering for the rotation of the five virtues doctrine and the three unification theory.

关 键 词：西汉 历改 历法后天 天命 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学]