2009年初冬沪宁高速公路大雾过程成因分析  

Physical Mechanisms of a Heavy Fog Process on Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway in Early Winter of 2009

作　　者：王博妮 于庚康 袁成松[2] 火焰 尹东屏 田小毅 

机构地区：[1]江苏省气象服务中心,南京210008 [2]江苏省气象科学研究所,南京210009

出　　处：《气象科技》2014年第3期503-510,共8页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省科技厅社会发展项目"江苏省道路交通气象灾害监测;预警及服务系统研究"(BE2010750);江苏省气象局科研基金(重点)项目"江苏浓雾预报预警实用技术系统的研究"(KZ201204);江苏省气象局预报员专项"苏北高速公路雾的特征及预报指标研究"(JSYBY201305)资助

摘　　要：利用沪宁高速公路自动气象监测站(AMW)数据,结合NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°格点再分析资料,对2009年12月1—2日发生在沪宁高速公路上的大雾天气过程的能见度演变特征及其与相关气象要素的关系进行了分析,并对大雾形成机理进行了研究。结果表明:能见度与各气象要素之间均呈非线性关系,与相对湿度呈稳定的指数衰减关系,与温度及风速呈复杂的多项式关系;高空暖性高压脊和地面变性冷高压的高低空环流配置为雾的形成提供了逆温层结和近地面的弱风场条件;偏东气流和逆温层保证了水汽供应及在低层汇聚;雾区上空的热力因子和动力因子的分析证明了雾区大气层结状态的稳定性。Based on the data from Auto-Meteorological Monitoring Workstations （AMW） of ShanghaiNanjing Expressway and NCEP/NCAR 1°× 1° grid reanalysis data,the evolution characteristics of visibility,the relationship between visibility and meteorological elements,and the formation mechanisms of a heavy fog process which occurred on 1 and 2 December 2009 on the Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway are investigated.The results indicate that there was nonlinear relationship between atmospheric visibility and meteorological factors.Visibility and relative humidity exhibited obvious exponential decay relationship.The relationship between visibility,wind speed,and temperature was more complex.The synoptic weather analysis indicates that the inversion layer and weak wind conditions near the ground provided by a high/low altitude circulation with warm high ridge and a transformed surface cold high pressure system were contributed to the formation of the fog.Moisture supply and gathering in the lower layers were ensured by the easterly airflow and the thermal inversion layer.Analysis of the thermal and dynamic factors over the fog zone confirmed the stability of atmospheric stratification of the fog zone.

关 键 词：高速公路 大雾天气 能见度 逆温结构 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]