不同采空区处理方式上覆岩层活动规律研究  

Motion Laws of Overlying Strata under Different Goaf Disposal

作　　者：何涛[1,2] 刘长武[1,2] 叶定阳 康亚明[3] 

机构地区：[1]水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [3]北方民族大学化工学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《金属矿山》2014年第6期145-149,共5页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51134018;51369001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(编号:2010CB226802)

摘　　要：运用弹性薄板理论及能量法原则,建立了全部垮落法和全部充填开采顶板断裂前的位移方程。同时,根据相似原理,分别对上述两种方法处理采空区的工作面上覆岩层移动及破坏规律进行模拟研究。结果表明:充填开采与垮落法开采顶板未断裂之前其位移理论模型与试验结果吻合较好,能反映顶板断裂前的移动规律;垮落法开采地面下沉与关键层移动在下沉量及下沉时间上具有同步性;垮落法导致高层位覆岩产生不均匀的水平位移,易产生挤压或拉裂变形,对覆岩整体结构稳定性影响大;充填开采高层位覆岩未产生不均匀的水平位移,同时,充填开采能使覆岩中较低层位的亚关键层转化成主关键层,减小了覆岩应力重分布的范围,能有效地控制地面下沉。With the use of the elastic thin plate theory and energy method principal, the displacement function of main roofs under all caving method and all fill mining method before breaking was created. According to the principle of analog simu- lation, a experiment was carried out on the movement and damage laws of working face＇s overlying strata under all caving method and all filling mining method. The research showed： the experimental values of main roofs displacement in all caving method and all filling mining method are in good agreement with theoretical values, and displacement theory model can reflect motion laws of main roofs before breaking; The key strata movement has synchrenicity with surface subsidence in all caving method; All caving method leads to the upper strata producing non-uniform horizontal displacement, causing strata extrusion or cracking deformation. It has great influence on overall structural stability of overlying strata; All filling mining method doesn＇t lead to the upper strata producing non-uniform horizontal displacement and make inferior key strata play the role of main key strata, which can reduce the redistribution scope of overburden stress, and effectively control the surface subsidence.

关 键 词：弹性薄板理论 相似模型 移动规律 垮落开采法 充填开采法 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]