贵阳市705名学龄前儿童气质特征调查  

Investigation on Temperament Characteristics of 705 Preschool Children in Guiyang City

作　　者：肖德卫[1] 鲁永辉[1] 刘树青[1] 邵晓颖[1] 陈丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵阳市妇幼保健院保健部,贵州贵阳550003

出　　处：《贵阳医学院学报》2014年第3期389-391,396,共4页Journal of Guiyang Medical College

摘　　要：目的：探讨贵阳市城区学龄前儿童气质特点和分布类型,了解儿童的心理特征,预防儿童行为问题的发生.方法：采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取贵阳市3所公立幼儿园儿童705名,采用《3～7岁儿童气质质量表》（NYLS量表）对儿童气质类型、气质维度进行调查,分析不同区域、不同性别及不同年龄段学龄前儿童的气质类型和气质维度的分布情况.结果：贵阳市部分学龄前儿童气质类型依次为中间型、易养型,启动缓慢性和难养型;不同环境学龄前儿童的气质类型,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同性别学龄前儿童在活动水平、趋避性、情绪本质、注意分散度和反应阈方面的气质维度,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同各年龄段学龄前儿童在活动水平、趋避性、适应度、反应强度、坚持度和反应阈方面的气质维度,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：在后天教育和生活环境的影响下,气质类型在一定程度上会发生改变,应重视后天儿童的教育和家庭环境;另外,不同性别、不同年龄儿童在各气质维度上存在差异,应根据儿童抚育过程中其不同的气质特点给予不同的管理,因材施教,充分发挥儿童自身的潜能.Objective： To explore the temperament characteristics and their distribution types of pre- schoolers in Guiyang city, and so as to understand the psychological characteristics of children and to prevent the occurrence of child behavior problems. Method： A total of 705 children in three public kindergartens in Guiyang city were chosen by using stratified cluster sampling method. Temperament scale for 3 ~7 years old children （NYLS） was adopted to investigate temperament types and tempera- ment dimensions of the children, and the distributions of temperament types and temperament dimen- sions of the preschool children with different genders and ages in different region were analyzed. Re- suits： The temperament types of some preschool children in Guiyang city were intermediate type, easy nurturing type, slow startup type, and difficult nurturing type, and the difference was statistically sig- nificant in the temperament types of children in different environment （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; Significant differ- ences （P 〈 0.05 ） were found in temperament dimensions such as activity level, approach withdrawal, emotional nature, distractibility, response threshold of children with different gender; Significant differences （P 〈 0.05 ） were also found in temperament dimensions such as activity level, approach withdrawal, adaptability, response intensity, persistence, response threshold of children with different age. Conclusions： Under the influence of education and living environment, temperament types can change to a certain extent, attention should be paid to children5 education and family environment; In addition, children with different genders and ages also have significant differences in temperament di-mensions, children should be given different management according to their temperament characteris- tics and should be taught in accordance with their aptitude, and so as to exert their potential.

关 键 词：气质 儿童 学龄前 心理 教育 社会环境 

分 类 号：R179.273[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]