氨硼烷:一种高性能化学储氢材料  

Ammonia borane:A high capacity chemical hydrogen storage material

作　　者：李慧珍[1] 王芃远 陈学年[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学化学化工学院,新乡453007

出　　处：《科学通报》2014年第19期1823-1837,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21371051);河南省科技厅重点科技攻关计划(122102210511);河南省教育厅自然科学基础研究计划(2011B150015);河南省科学技术厅国际科技合作项目(134300510054);河南省高层次人才国际化培训项目(201310)资助

摘　　要：世界范围内能源危机,气候和环境问题日渐凸显,亟需寻找合适的可替代能源.在众多新型能源中,氢能作为一种储量丰富、燃烧无污染、能量密度高的绿色能源,可以为燃料电池提供高效稳定的动力来源而引起广泛关注,如何将其安全高效的储存是氢气应用于车载燃料电池的技术瓶颈.硼氮氢类化合物由于具有储氢密度高、释氢条件温和等优点成为学术界关注热点.氨硼烷(ammonia borane,AB)为代表性化合物,其含氢量高(19.6%,质量百分比)、热稳定性适中、释氢温度低,被认为是最具潜力的新型储氢材料之一.氨硼烷中的一个正氢被金属原子取代后形成的金属氨硼烷(metal amidoborane,MAB),可以有效抑制硼吖嗪的生成.研究者们对这类储氢化合物进行了大量的理论和实验研究,改进其性能,降低释氢温度,缩短诱导期,减少挥发性有害气体硼吖嗪、氨气、乙硼烷的生成.本文从氨硼烷结构中特殊的双氢键入手,总结了氨硼烷的合成方法,并详细综述了添加剂对氨硼烷和金属氨硼烷释氢性能的影响,介绍了氨硼烷的再生以及在其他方面的研究进展,最后展望了氨硼烷的研究前景.With the world＇s energy, climate and environment problems becoming even serious, it is urgent to find suitable alternative energy sources. Hydrogen has attracted considerable attention because of its abundant reserves, pollution-free, high energy density, which can provide an efficient and stable clean energy source. How to store hydrogen safely and efficiently is a barrier for its applications in transportation. Boron-nitrogen-hydrogen （B-N-H） compounds have attracted tremendous academic attention due to their high hydrogen storage density and mild hydrogen release condition. Ammonia borane （NH3BH3, AB）, as a representative of B-N-H compounds with 19.6 wt% hydrogen capacity, moderate thermal stability and low hydrogen release temperature, has been considered to be the most promising hydrogen storage materials. Metal amidoborane （MAB）, prepared through replacing one of the hydrogen atoms bonded N in AB by a metal atom, can effectively inhibit the formation of borazine. A lot of theoretical and experimental research has been conducted to improve the performance of these compounds for lowering the hydrogen release temperature, reducing the induction time and decreasing volatile harmful gases borazine, ammonia and diborane. Based on the special dihydrogen bond existing in the ammonia borane, the synthetic methods and dehydrogenation properties of ammonia borane and metal amidoborane with the annexing anent are summarized in this review. In the last oart, the regeneration and annlications are orosoected.

关 键 词：氨硼烷 储氢材料 释氢 催化 

分 类 号：O613.81[理学—无机化学]