陕西省农村人群盲和低视力患病率的调查研究  

Investigation of blindness and low vision prevalence in a rural population in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：裴金枝[1] 何媛[1] 任百超[2] 贾俊[1] 刘慧峰[1] 万鹏飞[1] 姬明利 张纯涛[1] 祝艳妮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安医学院第二附属医院,陕西省西安市710038 [2]西安交通大学第二附属医院眼科,陕西省西安市710004

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2014年第7期643-646,共4页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(编号:81100665);陕西省科技厅项目(编号:2011K14-02-07;2013KJXX-31);陕西省卫生厅项目(编号:2010D56);陕西省教育厅项目(编号:2010JK807;2013JK0798);西安医学院校级项目(编号:10FC01);西安医学院第二附属医院院级项目(编号:10EFYFC01)~~

摘　　要：目的调查陕西省农村以自然人群为基础的盲、低视力的患病率及其原因。方法2010年7月至2012年7月采用分层整群随机抽样法在陕西省留坝县、黄陵县、蓝田县调查4110人,所有受检人员均进行标准问卷调查及详细的眼科检查,包括应用标准对数视力表(Log MAR)检查远、近视力,日常生活视力;若受检者视力低于1.0,加针孔板记录针孔视力,根据WHO标准诊断盲和低视力患病率。结果共有3494人完成了标准问卷及详细的眼科检查,应答率为85.0%。盲和低视力的患病率分别为1.0%和4.8%,其中女性盲的患病率为0.9%,男性为1.1%,男性高于女性;女性低视力的患病率为5.0%,男性为4.4%,女性高于男性(P=0.658),盲和低视力的患病率性别差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。盲和低视力的患病率随年龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.01)、随文化程度的增高而降低(P<0.01)。盲的主要原因是白内障、角膜病变、青光眼,分别占58.8%、11.8%、5.9%;低视力的主要原因是白内障、高度近视性视网膜病变和屈光不正,分别占61.6%、10.8%和9.6%。结论陕西省农村以自然人群为基础的盲、低视力的患病率均较高,随着年龄的增加而增加,随着文化程度的增高而降低;白内障是导致盲和低视力的主要原因。Objective To estimate the prevalence and reason of blindness and low vision in a rural population in Shaanxi province. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study from July 2010 to July 2012 from Liuba county, Huangling county and Lantian county of Shaanxi Province was made, including 4110 residents. All participants had an interview with a standard questionnaire and a detailed eye exami- nation,including the use of standard logarithmic visual acuity chart （ Log MAR） to check the distant vision,near vision and daily life vision, ff the examine＇ s sights were lower than 1.0, and the pinhole vision was inspected by the needle plate. According to WHO standard, blindness and low vision were diagnosed. Results There were 3494 residents who completed a standard questionnaire and a detailed eye examination, the response rate was 85.0%. The prevalence of blindness and low vision were 1.0% and 4. 8% , the prevalence of women （0.9%） was lower than that of men （ 1.1% ） ,the prevalence of women（5.0% ） was higher than that of men（4.4% ） ,no significant difference was found in the prevalence of blindness and low vision between genders （ all P 〉 0.05 ）. The prevalence of blindness and low vision was increased significantly with age （P 〈 0.01 ）, decreased significantly with the degree of education （P 〈0.01 ）. The main causes of blindness were cataract, corneal disease, glaucoma, accounted respectively for 58.8% , 11.8% , 5.9%. The main causes of low vision were cataract,high myopia retinopathy and refractive error,accounted respectively for 51.6% , 10.8% ,9.5%. Conclusion The prevalence of blindness and low vision in a rural population in Shaanxi province are high, increasing with the rise of age and decrease of education degree. Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and low vision.

关 键 词：盲 低视力 患病率 调查报告 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]