麴氏高昌国时期雇价问题探讨——兼论高昌寺院银钱的使用情况  

A Discussion on the Wage in Qu Shi Gaochang Kingdom and the Use of Silver Money in Gaochang Temple

作　　者：徐秀玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2014年第7期24-32,共9页History Teaching

摘　　要：据《高昌某寺月用麦、粟、钱、酒帐》《高昌延寿元年张寺主明真雇人放羊券》以及《延昌廿二年康长受从道人孟忠边岁出券》等契约文书,麴氏高昌时期农业领域里的雇价,很可能是成年雇工每日麦粟1.1—1.2斗,未成年雇工每日粟3—7升;畜牧业或其他领域里的雇价大概在1.83斗至3斗多。雇价以粮食支付为主,银钱及牲畜为辅。寺院的银钱并不充足,主要用来缴纳赋税,少部分用于购买生活或佛教供养必需品;以粮食作交易手段则显得多样化,但很少用于输租与商业交换,继续体现了"赋税则计田输银钱,无者输麻布"的规定。由于高昌不铸造银币,前期作为主要支付手段的银钱此时已退居次要地位。The agricultural wage of the adult workers＇ was about 1.1-1.2 dou （斗）of wheat and millet, the child labor＇s was 3-7 litres of millet during Qu Shi Gaochang Kingdom. However, the workers＇wage was 1.83 to 3 dan,or even more than 3 dou in animal husbandry and other industy. Most wage had been paid by grain, supplemented by silver money or livestock. The silver money of the temple was mainly used to pay the taxes, and the rest was used to buy the living or buddhist necessities. The grain as a trade method had some diversification, but it was rarely used for taxes and commercial exchange. Because the Qu Shi Gaochang Kingdom had no ability to mint silver money, the payment method of the silver money had gradually decreased to the second position.

关 键 词：吐鲁番文书 麴氏高昌国 雇价 银钱 

分 类 号：B947[哲学宗教—宗教学]