2001—2012年岳阳市人间狂犬病流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Yueyang City from 2001-2012

作　　者：朱琳[1] 蔡亚辉 彭朝阳[1] 王石麟[1] 娄常兴 

机构地区：[1]湖南省岳阳市疾病预防控制中心,414000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2014年第15期2146-2148,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的通过分析岳阳市2001—2012年人间狂犬病疫情的流行现况,为狂犬病的防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2001—2012年岳阳市报告的狂犬病疫情进行分析。结果 2009—2012年岳阳市报告狂犬病暴露患者76 861人。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ级暴露者分别为4 902、50 660和21 299人。2001—2012年岳阳市共报告人间狂犬病病例192例,男女病例比为2.43∶1,中位年龄为40岁。职业分布以农民为最多,占58.85%;其次为学生,占19.27%。夏秋季为高发季节。伤人动物以犬只为主,占92.19%。伤人动物的处理方式比例最大的为捕杀,占43.23%。不处理或是未及时处理伤口者占50.00%,应急接种者占16.67%,病毒血清注射者占3.65%。结论应加强犬只管理,加强对群众的狂犬病防治知识的宣传教育和加强对狂犬病疫苗的监管,强化对动物咬抓伤治疗的医保管理。[ Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Yueyang City from 2001-2012, provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rabies. [ Methods] The epidemic data of rabies in Yueyang City from 2001-2012 were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiological method. [ Results] A total of 76 861 rabies exposure cases were reported in Yueyang Cit- y from 2001-2012. The case number of grade Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ exposure was 4 902, 50 660 and 21 299, respectively. 192 human rabi- es cases were registered in Yueyang City from 2001-2012, with the male-to-female ratio of 2.43： 1, and the median age was 40 years old. Most of cases were farmers, accounting for 58.85%, followed by students （ 19.27% ）. The peak season occurred in summer and autumn. The cases were mostly hurt by dogs, with the ratio of 92.19%. 43.23% of animals which have attacked hu- man were hunted and killed. The exposure people whose wounds were not treated or not treated rapidly accounted for 50%, 16. 67% of exposure people received the emergency vaccination, and exposure people who were injected with antivirus serum ac- counted for 3.65%. [ Conclusion] It is necessary to strengthen management on dogs, enhance the education of knowledge about ra- bies control and prevention, improve the supervision for rabies vaccine, and strengthen the management on medical insurance for the treatment of animal biting and scratching.

关 键 词：人间狂犬病 暴露 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.82[医药卫生—流行病学]