乒乓球运动员单一特征信息模式识别的神经机制研究  

Recognition on Table Tennis Athletes' Neuromechanism of Single Feature Information Pattern

作　　者：徐立彬[1,2] 李安民[2] 陈爱国[3] 

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范学院体育学院,安徽阜阳236037 [2]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [3]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2014年第4期488-499,共12页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金"十二五"规划青年课题(CLA120162)

摘　　要：采用"oddball"实验任务范式和"专家—新手"实验设计方法,研究乒乓球运动员在利用单一特征信息图片判断发球旋转方式的过程中,大脑认知加工过程的脑电活动特征。结果发现:乒乓球二级运动员(专家)和专项大学生(新手)在各个脑区的激活顺序和激活程度存在明显的不同,大脑皮层的枕区诱发出比较明显的C1和P1成分,大脑皮层的中央区诱发出比较明显的N1成分,额区、中央区、顶区、枕区诱发出比较明显的P3成分;乒乓球运动员对单一特征信息感知阶段,大脑皮层激活程度较高,体现了长期运动训练导致运动员大脑可塑性变化,表现为对与专项运动相关的刺激物理特征十分敏感;乒乓球运动员对单一特征信息识别阶段,大脑皮层激活程度较高,识别速度快,投入的心理资源较多。By using ＂oddball＂ paradigm and ＂experts -novices＂ paradigm, electrical activity of brain was recorded in the process of table tennis athletes＇judging serve rotation on the base of single feature pictures. The results show that there were obviously differences in the whole brain＇s activated order and level between second grade table tennis athletes（experts） and majoring college students（novices）. Cland Plcomponents are induced in occipital region, N1 in central region and P3 in the every region; for table tennis athletes ,in the phase of perception for single feature information, cerebral cortex is activated at higher level in comparison with novices, athletes＇ brain plasticity probably occurred because of long term exercise training, which is very sensitive to physical features of relevant movement stimuli ; in the phase of recognition, cerebral cortex is activated also at higher level with faster recognition speed, and mental resource is devoted more.

关 键 词：乒乓球运动员 模式识别 神经机制 

分 类 号：G846.19[文化科学—体育训练]