中国对虾选育群体与近交群体不同生长时期的生长性状和存活率的比较  

Comparison of Growth and Survival Between Selected Population and Inbreeding Population at Different Growing Stage in Fenneropenaeus chinensis

作　　者：罗坤[1,2] 孔杰[2] 栾生[2] 王清印[2] 曹宝祥[2] 刘宁[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第7期51-57,共7页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2012AA10A404)资助

摘　　要：对中国对虾"黄海2号"核心群进行全同胞兄妹交配构建近交一代群体,并以核心群的传代家系为对照群体,将2个对虾群体经荧光标记后进行80天的共同养殖测试,期间测量5个不同时间阶段的体重和存活率数据,研究选育群体和全同胞近交一代群体在不同养殖阶段的生长、存活及近交衰退情况。生长实验结果表明,除第10天养殖阶段外,选育群体在其它4个养殖阶段的体重均与全同胞近交一代群体存在显著差异(P<0.05);在第30、50和80天,2个群体的特定生长率均呈现下降趋势,从整个养殖测试阶段来看,选育群体的特定生长率高于全同胞近交一代群体,二者分别为2.04、1.91;从各个养殖阶段来看,选育群体的体重变异系数范围为14.89%~24.80%,属于中等变异,说明选育群体依然具有较大的选育空间。在存活率方面,第30、50和80天养殖阶段,2个群体的存活率均存在显著差异(P<0.05),且随着养殖时间的延长,选育群体与全同胞近交一代群体的平均存活率差异越来越大。近交衰退结果显示,全同胞近交一代生长性状的近交衰退系数范围为-5%^-14.49%,存活性状的近交衰退系数范围为-1.78%^-7.3%,在5个不同养殖阶段存活性状的近交衰退程度均低于生长性状。研究表明,对于经多代改良的中国对虾选育群体,全同胞兄妹交配一代产生的近交仍会造成不同养殖阶段的显著近交衰退,应该在育种过程中采取严格的近交控制策略来实现良种的选育。In this study, population of first inbreeding generation was constructed by full-sib mating of ＂Huang Hai No. 2＂ core population in Fenneropenaeus chinensis, and families of core population were settled as control. Inbreeding and control groups were both tagged with visible implant elastomer and cultivated together under the same conditions. Body weight and survival rate were measured five times during the experiment. Growth, survival, and inbreeding depression of different growing stages were studied between selected population and inbreeding population. The growth experimental results showed that body weight of selected population was significantly higher than those of inbreeding population （P〈0. 05） at four growth stages. The specific growth rate（SGR） showed a clear trend to decrease with age from day 30 to day 80. At day 80, SGR of selected population were higher than inbreeding population, which were 2.04, 1.91, respectively. Coefficient of variation of body weight of selected population ranged from 14. 89% to 24.80%, which showed that there is potentiality for further selection. The survival results indicated that the difference of survival of two populations were significant （P〈0.05） at day 30, 50, 80. Full-sib mating revealed that the amount of inbreeding depression of body weight varied from -5% to -14. 49%, and for survival trait, ranged from -1.78% to -7. 3%, lower than the estimate obtained for growth. These results suggest that selection works well in the breeding program of Fenneropenaeus chinensis , and inbreeding especially full-sib mating should be avoided in the following breeding programs.

关 键 词：中国对虾 选育群体 全同胞交配 近交 生长 存活 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]