榛属(桦木科)花序及花的形态发生  

The Morphogenesis of Inflorescence and Flower in Corylus (Betulaceae)

作　　者：朱俊义[1] 张力凡[1] 沈鹏[1] 任保青 梁宇[1] 陈之端[3] 

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院生命科学学院,吉林通化134002 [2]山西太山植物园,山西太原030025 [3]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2014年第4期433-442,共10页Plant Diversity

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31170180;31270268);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB954100)

摘　　要：在扫描电镜下观察了桦木科榛属榛、毛榛和滇榛的花序和花的形态发生过程。榛属雌花序由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成；每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织，由小花序原基分生组织分化形成2个花原基；每个花原基分化出2个心皮原基，形成二心皮雌蕊；雌蕊基部有2层花被原基，内层花被原基环状，外层花被发生于花原基近轴面和远轴面，近轴面和远轴面的花被不均等分化，外层花被发生早于内层花被。雄花序为柔荑状，由多个小聚伞花序螺旋状排列组成。每个小花序原基分化出1枚初级苞片和一团小花序原基分生组织，由小花序原基分生组织分化出2枚次级苞片和4。6个雄蕊原基，形成4—6枚雄蕊，每个雄蕊具4个药囊，在雄蕊原基分化形成4药囊雄蕊过程中．出现雄蕊原基纵裂。并且花丝纵裂至基部。为进一步全面探讨桦木科属间系统演化关系提供了证据。The morphogenesis of inflorescence and flowers of Corylus was observed using scanning electron microscope for the first time. The female inflorescence of Corylus was composed of multiple cymules arranged in a spiral configuration. Each cymule primordium differentiated one primary bract and one cluster of cymule primordium meristem; two flower primordia were differentiated from the crmule meristem. Each flower primordium differentiated two carpellary primordia, forming a bicarpellary pistil. Each flower has two layer perianth at the base of pistil. The inner perianth primordium was in circular configuration, and outer perianth initiated unevenly from the adaxial and abaxial of the floral primordium. The initiation of the outer perianth was earlier than the inner. The male inflorescences were catkin-like and composed of multiple cymules arranged in a spiral configuration. Each cymule primordium differentiated one primary bract and one cluster of cymule primordium meristem. Two secondary bracts and four to six stamens were differentiated from each cymule primordium meristem. Each stamen has four anther sacs. In the process of the stamen differentiated into four anther sacs, the stamen primordium began longitudinal fissure, and the filament divided totally into the base. The results provide micro-morphological evidence for the generic level identification and phylogeny of Betulaceae.

关 键 词：榛属 花器官 形态发生 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]