青岛近海赤潮灾害分级与时空分布及赤潮生物的变化  

Spatial-temporal Distribution and Hazard Grading of Red Tide and Variation of Red-tide Species in Qingdao Adjacent Sea Area

作　　者：刘霜[1,2] 张继民[1,2] 张洪亮[1,2] 李钦亮[1,2] 崔文林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室,青岛266033 [2]国家海洋局北海环境监测中心,青岛266033

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2014年第4期43-47,共5页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：海洋公益性项目(201105007);国家海洋局北海分局课题基金(2008)

摘　　要：根据赤潮发生面积和赤潮藻类的危害类型，将青岛近海发生的赤潮划分为特大、重度、中度、轻度和轻微共计5个灾害级别。结果表明，1990-2013年青岛近海共计发生赤潮33次，以轻微灾害和轻度灾害为主，其它级别尚未发生；其中，发生面积小于10 km2赤潮占总数的51．5％，60．6％的赤潮由基本无害的赤潮种类引起，发生范围以胶州湾和浮山湾近海为主；赤潮次数和面积基本呈现4～5年的波动周期，高发期集中在每年的6-8月；主要赤潮生物种类是红色中缢虫（Mesodinium rubrum）和夜光虫（Noctiluca scintillans）；引发赤潮的生物种类逐渐增多，甲藻比例升高，罕见种类逐渐出现。赤潮种类的变化反映出青岛近海浮游植物的种类组成发生了改变，与期间青岛近岸海洋环境的变化密切相关。Red tides occurred in Qingdao adjacent sea area were classified into five levels,i,e.,extra large, large,moderate,mild and slight,according to the red tide scales and hazard types.Thirty-three red tide events were recorded from 1990 to 2013 with the main types of slight red tide and mild red tide.Among them,the scale of red tides was less than 10 km2 accounting for 5 1 .5%of the total red tides and 60.6%of the red tides were caused by harmless red tide species.Jiaozhou Bay and Fushan Bay adjacent sea area were the red tide-frequent-occurrence areas.The frequencies and scales of red tides peaked every four to five years from June to August,with the main red tide species of Mesodinium rubrum and Noctiluca scintillans.The species of red tide gradually increased with a rising tendency of Pyrrophyta occurrence frequency,even rare species have appeared in the past few years.The changes of the red tide species indicated that the species composition of phytoplankton in Qingdao inshore area has changed,which is closely related to the marine environment of Qingdao near-shore areas.

关 键 词：赤潮生物 灾害分级 时空分布 青岛 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]