粉煤灰合成沸石应用风险评估研究  

Risk assessment of application of the synthetic zeolite from the coal ash

作　　者：骆其金[1] 朱满[1,2] 谌建宇[1] 罗隽[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]湖南大学环境科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2014年第7期14-17,21,共5页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国际合作项目(No.2009DFA91780);国家十二五科技重大专项(No.2012ZX07206002);环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201009012);环境保护部华南环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(No.201012-004)

摘　　要：以粉煤灰为原料通过改良水热法合成了粉煤灰合成沸石,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、BET比表面积等技术手段对其进行了表征;对粉煤灰合成沸石浸出毒性以及出水部分重金属离子浓度进行了实验研究;将使用后的粉煤灰合成沸石与土壤混合用于玉米盆栽实验,同时设置不加粉煤灰合成沸石的对照组,研究使用后粉煤灰合成沸石农用的效果。结果表明:(1)粉煤灰合成沸石主要物相成分为P型沸石,BET比表面积比粉煤灰增加了53倍(从0.867m2/g增加到45.804m2/g)。(2)粉煤灰浸出毒性均低于《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》(GB 5085.3—2007)规定的浸出毒性鉴别标准值,其中铬、铜、镍未检出;出水部分重金属离子浓度低于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中相应标准值,其中镉、铅、镍均未检出。(3)粉煤灰合成沸石添加于土壤中,对土壤pH影响不大(从6.81升至6.99),但实验组玉米根茎叶长势均好于对照组。The synthesized zeolite was produced with coal fly ash from power plants as raw materials through hydrothermal process. The prepared zeolite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and BET method. The leaching toxicity of synthesized zeolite and heavy metal ion concentration of the effluent were investigated; the synthesized zeolite was mixed with soil and used in pot experiment for planting corn, the control group without adding synthesized zeolite was also set to evaluate the agricultural value of synthesized zeolite. Results showed that the main component of the synthetic zeolite was the P-type zeolite,its BET sur[ace area was increased by 53 times （from 0. 867 m2/g to 45. 804 m2/g）. The leaching toxicity of fly ash was far lower than the limits of the identification standard of hazardous waste （GB 5085.3-2007） ,Cr,Cu and Ni were not detected in leaching liquid ; the concentration of heavy metal ions in effluent was lower than the urban wastewater treatment plant emission standards （GB 18918-2002） ,Cd,Cu and Ni were not detected in effluent. Compared with the control group,adding the synthesized zeolite had little effect on soil pH （from 6.81 to 6.99）, the root, stem and leaves of corn growth well in treatment group than in control group.

关 键 词：粉煤灰 沸石 浸出毒性 盆栽实验 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]