庐山野生药用观赏植物资源特征及其保护利用  

Characteristics of wild medical and ornamental plants resources in Lushan Mountain and their protection and utilization

作　　者：宋满珍[1] 魏宗贤[1] 杜娟[1] 鲍海鸥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院庐山植物园,江西九江332900

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2014年第6期1044-1049,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC13B03)

摘　　要：【目的】调查分析庐山野生药用观赏植物资源特征，为野生药用观赏植物保护及合理开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】通过野外调查和查阅《江西植物志》、《江西省中药材标准》、《中国中药资源志要》、《中国药典》等权威资料，分析庐山药用观赏植物资源的特征和提出保护利用建议。【结果】庐山药用观赏植物共计110科298属618种，其中蕨类药用观赏植物24科34属104种，裸子药用观赏植物5科6属8种，被子药用观赏植物81科258属506种。以科所含的种数统计，小科（含2～9个种）数及其种数（305种）占总科数和总种数的比例最高，分别达66．36％和49．35％；单种属最多，占总属数的50．00％。根据Drude氏生活型系统可将庐山药用观赏植物分为草本、藤本、灌木和乔木4种类型，其中草本类药用观赏植物有403种，占该地区药用植物总种数的比例（65．21％）最高；根据药用植物的不同功效，可将庐山野生药用观赏植物分为11类。【建议】加大宣传力度，增强人们保护野生药用植物的意识；运用法制手段，杜绝乱砍滥伐、乱采滥挖等破坏行为；加强观赏药用植物资源的引种驯化、繁殖技术等基础研究工作，保障野生药用植物资源的可持续利用。[Objective ]Characteristics of wild medical and ornamental plant resources in Lushan Mountain were studied to develop the vital strategy for their protection and utilization. [Method]Characteristics of wild medical and ornamental plants resources in Lushan Mountain were analyzed and protection and utilization suggestions were put forward using field investigation and literature materials including Flora of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Chinese Materia Medica Standards, The Chinese Traditional Medicine Resource Records and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. [Result]The results showed that there were 618 species of wild medical and ornamental plant in Lushan Mountain, belonging to 298 genera of 110 families, in which pteridophyte had 104 species representing 34 genus in 24 families, gymnosperm had 8 species representing 6 genus in 5 families and angiospermae had 506 species representing 258 genus in 81families. Small families （2-9 species） and their species （305 species） accounted for the highest percentage of the total number of families and species, which was 66.36% and 49.35%, respectively. The genera with single species were the largest proportion, accounting for 50.00%. Medicinal and ornamental plants in Lushan Mountain could be divided into herb, vine, shrubs and trees according to Drnde＇s life system, in which medicinal herbs had 403 species with the highest percentage, accounting for 65.21%. According to different medicinal functions, wild medical and ornamental plants in Lushan Mountain were divided into 11 categories of medicinal plants. [Suggestion ]We should lift people＇s awareness of protection through more publicity, formulate laws on improper cutting and digging, strengthen medical plant domestication and breeding, and guarantee the sustainable utilization of wild medicinal and ornamental plants resources.

关 键 词：野生药用观赏植物 特征 保护利用 庐山 

分 类 号：R931.2[医药卫生—生药学]