焦化工业区居民死因回顾调查  

Retrospective survey of population death in a coking industrial area

作　　者：朱媛媛[1,2] 李继华[3] 何俊[3] 卢翃章 张云生[3] 刘石安[3] 吴国平[2] 魏复盛[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国环境监测总站 [3]曲靖市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2014年第5期424-429,共6页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的探索煤焦化、煤气化和煤化工污染排放对周边人群的健康影响。方法对我国西南某大型煤焦化工业区（暴露区，27682人）及其对照区（26805人）居民开展了2005--2011年死因回顾调查，其中暴露区又分为中心社区（距工业区边界≤3km）和周围农村地区（距工业区边界3～8km）。采用ICD-10进行死因分类，计算死亡率，并采用我国1982年标准人口构成计算标化死亡牢（标化死亡率）。结果暴露区死亡率为5．94‰，标化死亡率为5．89‰；对照区死亡率为6．90‰，标化死亡率为5．04‰；暴露区中心社区标化死亡率（7．30‰）〉暴露区农村地区（5．36‰）〉对照区。恶性肿瘤是暴露区死亡率最高的疾病，其标化死亡率（121．34／10万）是我国2004--2005年死因回顾抽样调查地区的1．3倍，是对照区的2．2倍；暴露区恶性肿瘤中肺癌、白血病、膀胱癌死亡率高，其标化死亡率分别为46．50／10万、9．02／10万和4．21／10万，分别是全国的2.3、2．6和5．0倍，是对照区的3．2、1．8和3．5倍。结论暴露区恶性肿瘤的高死亡率可能与焦化工业的污染物排放有关，如肺癌和膀胱癌可能与多环芳烃排放有关，白血病可能与苯排放有关，建议进一步开展深入的环境监测和人群流行病学调查。Objective To explore the health effects of coal coking, coal gasification and coal chemical emissions on the surrounding population. Methods A death retrospective survey was conducted in a large industrial area （exposed area, 27 682 peoples） and the control area （26 805 peoples） in southwest China. The investigation was carried from 2005 till 2011. The exposed area was divided into the center of the exposed area communities （≤ 3 km far away from the industrial zone boundaries） and the surrounding rural areas （3-8 km far away from the industrial zone boundary）. ICD-10 classification was used, the mortality and the standardized mortality by 1982 China＇s standard population composition （standardized mortality） were calculated by the retrospective data. Results The mortality was 5.94‰ and standardized mortality was 5.89‰ in exposure community. The mortality was 6.90‰ and standardized mortality was 5.04‰ in control community. The standardized mortality was higher in center exposure community （7.30‰） than those in the rural community of exposure area （5.36‰） and control community （5.04‰）. Malignant tumor was the most important disease for the high mortality in the exposed industrial area. The standardized mortality of malignant tumor was 121.34/100 000, which was 1.3 times of the survey area and was 2.2 times of the control area conducted during 2004-2005 in China by the retrospective data. The standardized mortalities of lung cancer, leukemia and bladder cancer were 46.50/100 000, 9.02/100 000 and 4.21/100 000 in the exposed areas respectively, which were higher than the national average level and higher than those in the control area,and were 2.3 times, 2.6 times, 5.0 times of the national average and 3.2 times, 1.8 times, 3.5 times of the control area respectively. Conclusion The high mortality of malignant tumor may he related to the pollutants emitted from the coking industries. For example, the high mortality of lung cancer and bladder cancer may be associated wit

关 键 词：死因调查 焦化 死亡率 恶性肿瘤 多环芳烃 苯 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]