青岛市区大气降尘重金属的特征和来源分析  

Characteristics and sources Analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric dust of Qingdao

作　　者：张春荣[1] 吴正龙[2] 田红[1] 高宗军[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学,山东省沉积成矿作用与沉积矿产重点实验室,青岛266590 [2]山东科技大学学生工作处,青岛266590

出　　处：《环境化学》2014年第7期1187-1193,共7页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71303140);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201301089);山东省国土资源大调查项目(2006709);山东科技大学“群星计划”项目(qx2013309)资助

摘　　要：取青岛市区大气降尘、土壤样品各159件,并对样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O的含量进行分析.运用富集因子、因子分析和聚类分析等统计学方法对大气降尘重金属的特征和来源进行研究.分析结果表明,青岛市区大气降尘重金属含量的变异程度较大,空间分布极不均匀.除城区大气降尘Hg均值低于相应土壤均值外,其他均高于土壤.此外,除城郊大气降尘As受人为因素影响较轻,主要来源于土壤扬尘外,其他重金属均主要来源于人为源.其中城区大气降尘样品的分析结果表明As、Cu、Cr、Zn为一类,主要受燃煤和工业污染的影响;Cd、Pb为一类,主要受交通活动的影响;Ni、Hg各为一类,可能受海洋、工业污染的影响.而城郊大气降尘样品的分析结果表明,Cr、Ni为一类,主要受工业污染的影响;Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg各为一类,主要受工业、燃煤和交通活动的影响.Based on 159 atmospheric dust and soil samples collected around Qingdao, we first analyzed the contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O in these samples. Then, the enrichment factor method, the factor analysis method and the clustering analysis method were used to analyze the characteristics and source of these heavy metals. Results show that the content of heavy metals in all the atmospheric dust samples had a large degree of variation and uneven spatial distribution. Except for Hg in atmospheric dust of urban area, the contents of all the heavy metals in atmospheric dust were higher than the ones in soil. Besides, only As in atmospheric dust of suburb area was mainly controlled by natural factors, originated from soil dust. All the other heavy metals were mainly controlled by human factors. The experimental results about urban atmospheric dust samples show that heavy metals such as As, Cu, Cr, Zn fall into one category, and their contents mainly originated from coal combustion and industrial emission. Pb and Cd belong to another category, which mainly originated from traffic emissions. Besides, Ni and Hg can be classified as two different categories, which may be affected by ocean and industry pollution. The experimental results about suburb atmospheric dust samples show that Cr and Ni belong to one category, which mainly originated from industrial emission. Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg can be divided into five different categories, the contents of which mainly originated from industrial emission, coal combustion and traffic emissions.

关 键 词：大气降尘 重金属 特征 来源 青岛市区 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]