黄河下游河势演变中的横河  

Cross Flow of the Yellow River Regime Evolution

作　　者：胡一三[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2014年第7期1-6,共6页Yellow River

摘　　要：横河是指河道水流在非工程控导情况下,全河或主溜以与宏观流向垂直或近于垂直的方向冲向堤防、整治工程、滩岸,水流发生急转弯的河势流态。在遭到横河顶冲的地方,会造成滩地大量塌失或工程发生严重险情,甚至造成堤防决口。黄河下游游荡型河段河势变化速度快、幅度大,出现横河的几率远比弯曲型河段、过渡型河段的大。据1950—2009年资料统计,游荡型河段中柳园口—古城、黑石—黑岗口、裴峪—孤柏嘴、禅房—马寨4个子河段是发生横河最多的河段;横河发生次数较多的时段分别为1985—1989年、1970—1974年、1975—1979年、1990—1994年、2000—2004年;形成横河的因素是综合性的,主溜摆动与河势游荡、河床组成差异、流量变化幅度大、主股支股交替是其主要原因;通过河道整治可以减小发生横河的几率。The cross flow is the flow state that the whole river or the main stream impinges the dike,river training works and riverbank in the direc-tion vertical or near - vertical to the macroscopic flow,which makes the flow occurred a sharp turn. If the cross flow takes place,a large number of beaches would be collapsed,training works would be suffered serious danger and even the dike would be breached. As the river regime of the wan-dering reaches in the lower Yellow River varies with fast speed and wide range,there is a big chance that the cross river would occur in the wander-ing reaches than in the meandering and the braided ones. Based on statistics from 1950 to 2009,the cross flows occurred in a maximum number concentrated in the four wandering reaches and the five years quantum. The wandering reaches are from Liuyuankou to Gucheng,from Heishi to Heigangkou,from Peiyu to Gubaizui and from Chanfang to Mazhai. And the years quantum are from 1985 to 1989,from 1970 to 1974,from 1975 to 1979,from 1990 to 1994 and from 2000 to 2004. Factors which make the cross flow occurred are comprehensive. Of all the comprehensive fac-tors,the main ones are the main stream swinging and river regime wandering,the differences in the riverbed composition,the wide range of flow change and the alternation of main and tributary stream. By river regulation works,the possibility of the cross flow occurrence will be reduced.

关 键 词：横河 河势演变 河道整治 游荡型河段 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1