乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血者情况及HCV感染的调查研究  

A study on HCV infection among volunteer blood donors in Urumqi area

作　　者：李明霞[1,2] 吕霞[2] 马艳焱[2] 周丽君[2] 赵俊岭[1] 张晨[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学公共卫生学院,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]乌鲁木齐市血液中心,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆医科大学学报》2014年第8期1066-1069,共4页Journal of Xinjiang Medical University

基　　金：乌鲁木齐市卫生局科技计划项目(201214)

摘　　要：目的：了解乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血者的基本情况及丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的状况，探讨无偿献血人群特点和血液质量的关系，为减少 HCV 经血液传播及预防和控制输血风险提供依据。方法选择2008年1月1日-2010年12月31日在乌鲁木齐市血液中心无偿献血者为研究对象，对其一般资料及抗-HCV 血液检测结果进行分析。结果（1）调查自愿无偿献血者共计140665名，其中男性86179名（61．27％），女性54486名（38．73％），最小年龄18岁，最大年龄55岁；汉族无偿献血者所占比例最大，占86．96％；未婚者所占比例（64．33％）高于已婚者（35．67％）；专科学历的比例最高（25．90％），小学及以下学历所占比例最低（2．76％）；不同职业中以其他人群（外来务工人员）所占比例最高（49．12％）；18～25岁年龄段无偿献血者的比例最高（50．23％）；初次献血者比例（66．36％）高于献血次数≥2者所占的比例（33．64％）；全血方式献血者（91．21％）高于单采方式献血者（8．79％）。（2）2008、2009、2010年血液检测不合格率分别为46．56‰、40．86‰、42．97‰，3 a 血液检测总不合格率为43．32‰；2008年与2009、2010年血液检测不合格率比较，差异有统计学意义；2008-2010年抗-HCV 不合格率比较，差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论建立一支固定的无偿献血队伍、加强临床科学用血、推广成分输血等是提高血液安全的有效途径。Objective To understand the incidence and the epidemiological characteristics of HCV infection among volunteer blood donors in Urumqi area and to explore the relationship between characteristic of volunteer blood donors and the quality of blood donation,to provide the basis of prevention and control risk of HCV transfusion.Methods We collected the statistical data of blood donors from January 1,2008 to December 31,2010 in Urumqi blood center,and analyzed the demographic characteristics and the results of Anti-HCV blood test of volunteer blood donors.Results Among the 140 665 voluntary blood donors, 86 179 （61.27%）of men,women,54 486 （38.73%）,minimum age 18,the maximum age 55 years old;Han is the largest proportion of voluntary blood donors,accounting for 86.96%;unmarried proportion is （64.33%）higher than married people （35.67%）.College degree has the highest percentage （25.90%）,the proportion of primary school and below has the lowest percentage （2.76%）.The proportion of migrant workers in blood donors is the highest （49.12%）.The donors of the age between 18 to 25 were the highest proportion （50.23%）;the proportion of the first blood donation is 2 times （66.36%）more than second blood donation （33.64%）.The number of whole blood donors （91.21%）is higher than single blood donors＆amp;nbsp;（8.79%）.The reject rate of blood test is 46.56 ‰,40.86 ‰,42.97 ‰ in 2008,2009 and 2010.There is statistical difference in the reject rate between 2008 and 2010.The reject rate of Anti-HCV in 2008 and 2010 has no statistical differences （P 〉0.05）.Conclusion The effective ways to ensure blood safety are to set up a steady team of voluntary blood donors,improve blood detection method,strengthen clinical science blood utilization,and popularize composition blood transfusion.

关 键 词：丙型肝炎病毒(HCV) 无偿献血者 血液安全 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] R512.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]