施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征  

Effects of Biochar Amendment on Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activities in Loess Soil

作　　者：陈心想[1] 耿增超[1] 王森[1] 赵宏飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第4期751-758,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：农业部"948"项目"生物炭技术引进及消化"(2010-Z19);林业局"948"项目"林果木生物质综合转化技术引进"(20094-64);陕西省攻关项目"高效生物炭基缓释肥配方及施用技术研究"(2010K02-12-1);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目"生物炭基氮肥的氮素利用率及对微生物活性影响研究";西北农林科技大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目"生物炭对塿土物理性质和生物活性的影响"

摘　　要：以小麦-玉米轮作试验为研究对象,探究了施用不同量生物炭对塿土土壤生物活性动态变化的影响。生物炭用量设5个水平:B0(0 t·hm-2)、B20(20 t·hm-2)、B40(40 t·hm-2)、B60(60 t·hm-2)和B80(80 t·hm-2),氮磷钾肥均作基肥施用。结果表明:生物炭可显著提高土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和玉米收获后碱性磷酸酶活性,但对蔗糖酶和小麦季碱性磷酸酶活性影响不显著,且显著提高土壤酶指数;提高土壤微生物量碳氮含量,用量为80 t·hm-2时效果最显著,但降低土壤微生物量碳氮比;显著增加土壤三大类微生物类群的数量,增幅随其用量的增加而增加。动态变化显示,越冬期的土壤微生物量碳氮含量最低,但微生物量碳在拔节期出现高峰,而土壤微生物量氮在返青期出现高峰,与作物生育旺盛时期一致;显著减少微生物量碳和微生物量碳氮比的季节波动。施用生物炭可显著改善土壤微生物和酶活性,土壤酶指数为土壤酶活性的综合表征,可全面反映土壤酶活性对生物炭的响应特征,能够作为一种土壤质量评价方法。A field trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of biochar applications on the microbial biomass and enzyme activities in loess soil under a winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in temperate region,Shaanxi province,China. Biochar applications at five rates before planting spring maize：B0（0 t·hm^-2）,B20（20 t·hm^-2）,B40（40 t·hm^-2）,B60（60 t·hm^-2）and B80（80 t·hm^-2）. Biochar applications significantly increased urease and catalase activities at wheat and maize harvests,and also alkali phosphatease activity at maize harvest,as compared with the control. However,biochar did not influence soil invertase and alkali phosphatease activities at wheat harvest. Amend-ments of biochar improved soil microbial biomass carbon（BC）and nitrogen（BN）but decreased the BC/BNratios,with the maximum effects found at biochar rate of 80 t·hm^-2. Microbial population increased with increasing biochar rates. In addition,Biochar amendments significantly decreased the seasonal fluctuation of BCand BC/BN. Overall,applying biochar can significantly improve soil microbes and enzyme activities.

关 键 词：生物炭 塿土 酶活性 微生物量碳氮 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]