鲁西平原棉花主要生育期旱涝趋势及分布特征  

Trends and Distribution of Drought and Waterlogging in Cotton Major Growth Period in Luxi Plains

作　　者：孙培良 孔宁宁 席晓彤 纪凡华 

机构地区：[1]山东聊城市气象局,山东聊城252060 [2]山东菏泽气象局,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第21期95-99,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：聊城市科技发展计划项目"聊城土壤水分变化特征分析及其对主要作物产量影响研究"(20082057)

摘　　要：为了探究鲁西平原棉花主要生育期间的水分供需情况,促进棉花产业健康发展。采用GIS技术,运用统计学和农业气象学等方法,以聊城市辖区内的8个县(市、区)的1961—2012年棉花各主要生育期的需水量及其对应阶段自然降水情况为例,进行统计分析棉花主要生育期旱涝指数。结果发现,棉花全生育期内旱涝灾害时有发生,频率高达51.9%,旱涝灾害比较频繁。从播种到现蕾期发生旱涝的频率高达86.5%。现蕾期出现旱涝的频率是80.8%,花铃期旱涝频率为79.3%;吐絮期的旱涝频率则高达92.3%;莘县、冠县及高唐出现干旱的频率较高,高唐最高;渍涝以东南部地区出现的频率高于西部,以东阿最高,莘县发生涝灾的频率最低。应对旱涝灾害的主要措施是加强基础设施建设,选用抗逆品种,推广节水技术,合理运用地下水资源,科学开发空中水资源,保障棉花生长关键期的水分供给。In order to explore the water supply and demand condition in the main cotton growth period in Luxi Plains, and promote the healthy development of the cotton industry, by the use of GIS technology and statistics and agricultural meteorology methods, the drought and flood index were analyzed, the author took the water demand and natural precipitation from 1961 to 2012 in 8 counties （cities, districts） of Liaocheng for example. It was found that： drought and flood disasters occurred frequently and the frequency was as high as 51.9% during the entire cotton budding, 80.8% growth period. The frequency of drought and flood occurrence was up to 86.5% from sowing to at the budding stage, 79.3% at the blooming stage, and 92.3% at the wadding stage. The frequency of drought was higher in Shenxian, Guanxian and Gaotang, and it was highest in Gaotang; the frequency of flood occurrence was higher in the south-east than in the west, and it was highest in Donge, and was lowest in Shenxian. The main measures to cope with drought and flood were to strengthen infrastructure construction, select stress-resistant varieties, promote water-saving technologies, groundwater resources, scientifically develop the air water resources, and ensure the critical cotton growth period. reasonably use the water supply in the critical cotton growth period.

关 键 词：棉花 生育期 旱涝特征 发展趋势 鲁西平原 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]