通过制度创新解决中国就业问题  

Resolving Unemployment Issues through Institutional Reform and System Innovation

作　　者：赵茜[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学所,北京100005

出　　处：《南阳师范学院学报》2014年第7期15-18,共4页Journal of Nanyang Normal University

摘　　要：就业问题是当今世界各国面临的一个普遍难题。就业问题作为经济运行的产物,已经成为当今中国社会一个敏感而棘手的社会问题。中国是一个人口众多、经济水平较低的发展中国家,全球化浪潮和经济体制改革提高了经济与生产效率,但同时也迫使部分劳动力失去原先的就业机会。在转型期的中国,由于计划经济转向市场经济,经济主体回归于追求利润最大化,必然释放出大量冗员,使隐形失业显形化;加之中国经济活动人口总量相对于自然资源和资本的过剩以及被称为"创造性摧毁"的经济结构调整加剧了失业,使得我国就业问题凸现。如何有效地缓解失业、促进劳动力就业成为我国无法回避的紧迫课题。本文就是想探索在中国创建一种新的制度来解决这一棘手问题。The issue of employment is one that gets on the nerves of all governments in the world. As a byproduct of economic movements,the jobless problem has become a sensitive yet intractable social problem in today＇s China. The fact that China remains a populous and economically less developed country underscores the urgency of promoting employment among Chinese citizens. The globalization tide and the ongoing economic restructuring in China,though conducive to boosting efficiency and productivity,have deprived partial labor forces of their original employment opportunities. Amid China＇s transformation from a planned economy to a market-based one,the pursuit of surplus value will further set free a large number of redundant workers,making disguised unemployment observable. To complicate the matter,the excess of China＇s population relative to limited natural and capital resources also exacerbates unemployment amid the ＂creative destruction＂brought by drastic economic restructuring.Therefore,finding an effective way to alleviate the jobless problem and promote employment has become an urgent task for China. To that end,this paper attempts to explore this delicate issue by proposing the establishment of a new system in China.

关 键 词：就业问题 技术性失业 制度创新 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]