蘑菇渣作为改良剂对铅锌尾矿改良效果研究  

Amelioration of Lead-zinc Tailings by Spent Mushroom Compost:Effects on Growth of Lolium perenne L. and Physico-chemical Properties of Tailings

作　　者：张晓君[1] 杨胜香[1] 段纯[1] 刘芬[1] 李凤梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首416000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第3期526-531,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41101532);湖南省自然科学基金(12JJ3036);吉首大学大学生创新性实验项目(JSU-CX-2012-41)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,在铅锌尾矿中分别加入0、1%、5%、10%和20%的蘑菇渣,研究不同比例蘑菇渣对黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)生长及铅锌尾矿基质改良效果的影响。结果表明,添加蘑菇渣改良处理后,尾矿基质中铵态氮、速效磷和有机质分别增加了0.4～5.1、0.3～3.4和0.4～4.7倍;尾矿重金属DTPA-Cd、DTPA-Pb和DTPA-Zn分别下降了52.6%～81.6%、25.5%～35.4%和25.4%～60.2%;土壤脱氢酶活性增长了1.2～8.0倍,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性增长了2.7～5.6倍,脲酶活性增长了1.1～2.2倍,磷酸酶活性增长了0～0.8倍。尾矿理化性质的改善促进了黑麦草的生长,与对照相比,黑麦草总生物量分别增长了0.8、2.3、2.6、2.7倍。统计分析表明,蘑菇渣添加量为5%～10%(相当于30～60 t·hm-2)时尾矿改良效果较好、植物生物量大,可作为蘑菇渣改良铅锌尾矿基质的配比模式。总体来看,将蘑菇渣作为改良剂用于尾矿废弃地的生态恢复,不仅降低了尾矿治理修复成本,而且实现了固体废弃物的资源化利用,应用前景广阔。A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of spent mushroom compost （SMC） on growth of Lolium perenne L. and physico-chemical properties of lead-zinc mine tailings. SMC was incorporated into tailings at rates of 0, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20%, with 4 replicates per treatment. Addition of SMC improved railings properties and thus facilitated growth of L. perenne. Compared with the control, SMC applications increased NH4＋-N, available P and organic matter by 0.4-5.1, 0.3-3.4, 0.4-4.7 times, de- creased DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb and Zn by 52.6%-81.6%, 25.5%-35.4% and 25.4%-60.2%, respectively. Dehydrogenase, β-Glucosi- dase, and urease and phosphatase activities increased by 1.2-8.0, 2.7-5.6, 1.1 -2.2, 0-0.8 times, respectively, in the treatments with SMC. Biomass of L. perenne was 0.8, 2.3, 2.6, 2.7 times higher in SMC treatments than in the control, respectively. In conclusion, SMC could be used for amelioration of lead-zinc railings, and utilization of SMC also provides an alternative way for recycling these waste materials.

关 键 词：铅锌尾矿 基质改良 蘑菇渣 生态修复 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程]