北太湖水、沉积物及典型水生生物样品汞的分布特征与生态风险评价  

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Mercury in Water, Sediments and Typical Aquatic Organisms from Northern Taihu Lake

作　　者：胡良锋[1] 王永花[1] 王秋英[1] 陆光华[1] 谢正鑫[1] 张正华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境学院,浅水湖泊综合治理与资源开发教育部重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2014年第6期1183-1188,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51109062);中国博士后基金(2012M511194);中国博士后特别基金(2013T60496);河海大学中央高校业务费(b110-20087);河海大学博士后基金(411102)

摘　　要：利用NICMA-800型测汞仪对北太湖水、沉积物及典型水生生物样品的汞含量进行测定,并用单项污染指数法和地积累指数法对其生态风险进行评价。结果表明:北太湖三湾的水体均未受到明显的汞污染,均低于《地表水环境质量标准》第Ⅱ类(≤50ng·L-1);沉积物样品,除了竺山湖(平均汞含量为150.5 ng·g-1)稍高于《土壤环境质量标准》第Ⅰ类(≤150 ng·g-1)外,贡湖和梅梁湖均未超标,具体污染情况为竺山湖(中度污染)>贡湖(偏中度污染)>梅梁湖(轻度污染),且整个北太湖沉积物处于中度污染水平;典型水生生物样品(螺蛳、蚬子和鱼)的汞含量均低于我国《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》(≤300 ng·g-1),其污染大小顺序为鱼(轻污染水平)>蚬子(正常背景水平)>螺蛳(正常背景水平),且鱼、蚬子和螺蛳的汞污染空间分布特征均为竺山湖>贡湖>梅梁湖。对比以往研究结果可知,汞含量浓度稍高且有上升的趋势,故应加大对汞污染的监测及治理。Taihu Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, has become polluted in recent years. However, there is little information about mercury pollution. In this study, mercury contents in water, sediments and typical aquatic organisms in Northern Taihu Lake were de-termined using a NIC MA-800 Mercury Analyzer. Single Pollution Index and Index of Geoaccumulation were used to assess ecological risks of mercury. The results showed that mercury concentrations in aqueous phase in three bays of Northern Taihu Lake were lower than the sec-ondary-level standard of the National Surface Water Environment Quality Standard（≤50 ng·L-1）. The average mercury concentration in sediments from Gonghu Bay and Meiliang Bay was below the primary standard of the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard（≤150 ng·g-1）, whereas higher from Zhushan Bay. Mercury ecological risks was in order of Zhushan Bay（moderate pollution）〉Gonghu Bay（partial moderate pollution）〉Meiliang Bay（mild pollution）. Mercury contents in typical aquatic organisms（snail, corbicula and fish）were all lower than the criteria for Agricultural Product-Safety Standards for Non-Pollution Aquatic Products of China（≤300 ng·g-1）. Mercury concentra-tions in typical aquatic organisms were fish（mild pollution）〉corbicula（normal background）〉snail（normal background level）, with Zhushan Bay〉Gonghu Bay〉Meiliang Bay. Compared with the results from previous studies, mercury concentrations in Northern Taihu Lake were ele-vated. Greater efforts should be made to monitor mercury pollution in Northern Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：北太湖 汞 单项污染指数 地积累指数 生态风险 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]