天山南坡科其喀尔冰川表碛区小气候特征研究  

Analysis of the microclimatic characteristics in the debris-covered area of the Koxkar Glacier on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：王玉玉[1,2,3] 姚济敏[1,2] 韩海东[2] 刘时银[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室青藏高原冰冻圈观测研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2014年第3期546-554,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点基金项目(41130641);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-GJ04)资助

摘　　要：利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征.结果表明:总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之.与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型.温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃.受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11:00为界发生转向.受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.Based on the data set of automatic observation station, the microclimatic characteristics in the site No. 3 of Koxkar Glacier on the southern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were analyzed. It is found that the radiation flux and surface albedo have seasonal variation. Different from that in other regions, owing to snow physical properties and surface conditions, the diurnal variation of surface albedo here changes from large to small in winter, but in summer it shows an inverted U shape. The temperature is high in summer and autumn, but low in winter and spring, with the highest of 9.4 ℃ in August and the lowest of - 9.6 ℃ in January. Moreover, there is a cold center over the ground at about 0.20 m at night, while a warm center at the same high during daytime. Mainly affected by the glacier wind and valley breeze, the NW and WNW are prevailing wind directions. There is a turn at 11 am for the diumal variation of wind direction. The average monthly specific humidity is larger in summer and autumn, but smaller in winter and spring.

关 键 词：太阳辐射 地表反照率 温度 风速 比湿 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]