贺兰山野化牦牛春季昼间行为时间分配和活动规律  

Time Budgets and Activity Laws of Daytime Behaviors of Wild Yak in the Helan Mountains in Spring

作　　者：刘振生[1,2] 孙兆惠[1] 庞博[1] 赵宠南[1] 滕丽微[1,2] 杨云天 王晓勤 苏云 王亮 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物资源学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]国家林业局野生动物保护生物学重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]内蒙古贺兰山国家级自然保护区,内蒙古巴彦浩特750300

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2014年第22期7416-7418,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(DL13EA01;25720-14CA03)

摘　　要：[目的]研究贺兰山野化牦牛春季昼间行为时间分配和活动规律.[方法] 2014年4月采用所有事件取样法和瞬时扫描法对贺兰山野生耗牛的春季昼间行为时间和活动规律进行了研究,并建立牦牛行为谱.[结果]贺兰山野化耗牛的各种行为都具有一定的节律性,各行为占时间比例分别为：取食34.18％、卧息18.58％、移动18.38％、站立17.77％、反刍5.95％和其他5.14％.取食的高峰期在每天9：00 ～ 11：00和15：00～ 17：00,卧息的高峰期为11：00～13：00和14：00～ 15：00,反刍的高峰期出现在13：00 ～ 15：00,与卧息的高峰期部分重叠,移动与取食的高峰期是相并行的,站立行为在1d中的发生较为随机,高峰期不明显,但在牦牛卧息高峰期时所占比例最低,而其他行为所占的比例在全天的峰值都很低.通过对贺兰山不同年龄阶段牦牛春季昼间的各行为分析发现其差异不显著.[结论]牦牛可通过调节自身的行为来适应不同的环境变化,这是动物长期进化以适应自然环境改变的综合作用的效果.[Objective] The research aimed to study the time budget and activity laws of wild yak in the Helan Mountains in spring.[Method] The time and activity laws of daytime behaviors of wild yak in the Helan Mountains in spring were studied by all event sampling method and instantaneous scanning method.And the e ethogram of wild yaks was defined.[Result] Wild yaks＇ behaviors had certain rhythm in the Helan Mountain.The wild yaks spent 34.18％ time in feeding,18.58％ time in resting,18.38％ time in moving,17.77％ time in standing,5.95％ time in ruminating behavior,and 5.14％ time in other behaviors.Feeding peaks occurred at 9：00-1 1：00,and 15：00-17：00 every day.Resting behaviors showed activity peaks at 11：00-13：00 and 14：00-15：00.Ruminating peaks appeared at 13：00-15：00 and overlapped with the peak of resting behaviors.Moving and feeding peak was parallel occurring.Standing behaviors happened randomly in one day without obvious activity peaks.However standing behaviors accounted for the lowest proportion of total activity time during the peak periods of resting.The proportion of other behaviors was very low throughout the whole day.The analysis of the behaviors of different age stages of wild yaks in spring showed that the differences were not significant.[Conclusion] Yaks could regulate their behaviors and adapt different environmental changes,which was the results of comprehensive effects of adapting to the changes of natural environment with the long-term evolution of animals.

关 键 词：牦牛 时间分配 春季 贺兰山 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]