改善串励电动机换向火花的设计方法  

Design Methods of Reducing Universal Motors' Commutation Sparks

作　　者：黄其[1] 罗玲[1] 张远[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学,西安710072

出　　处：《微特电机》2014年第7期50-53,共4页Small & Special Electrical Machines

摘　　要：串励电动机的换向火花会给电机本身和周围环境带来不利影响。介绍了串励电动机换向火花的产生原因和危害,讨论了如何在电机设计上改善换向火花的方法,如增大定、转子安匝比,增大气隙长度或不均匀气隙,电枢线圈短距结构,换向器双钩结构,逆旋转方向偏移电刷,不同先、后导线圈匝数等。并用MagNet电磁场有限元软件仿真分析了这些改善串励电动机火花方法的效果,最后对一台550 W、9 500 r/min的样机进行测试验证了改善方法。The commutation sparks have an adverse effect on universal motors and the surroundings. The cause and the harm of universal motors＇ commutation spark were introduced, and the classification principle of commutation spark was explained. The method to reduce commutation spark during the motor design＇s process were described, such as using different turns of field coils and armature coils, different length of air gap or non uniform air gap, short pitch armature winding, different numbers of commutator segments, different brush shift angle, different turns of lead coils and lag coils. The effects of these improvement measures were analyzed respectively by MagNet FEA software. These improvement measures were validated by test of a 550 W, 9 500 r/min universal motor.

关 键 词：串励电动机 换向火花 不均匀气隙 先 后导线圈 MAGNET 

分 类 号：TM344.11[电气工程—电机]