无偿献血者艾滋病知识态度行为调查  

Survey on AIDS related KAP among voluntary blood donors

作　　者：孙浩令 唐静[1] 凌维 唐旭[1] 单琦[1] 郑行雁[1] 胡敏[1] 曹冰[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院流行病学教研室,重庆400016

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第15期2784-2786,2795,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解无偿献血者艾滋病知识态度行为现状，为在无偿献血人群中有针对性地开展健康教育提供科学依据。方法自行设计调查问卷，对18—55岁无偿献血者进行当面访谈。用EpiData3．1软件双录入，SAS9．1．3软件包做统计分析。结果共调查800人，艾滋病基本知识知晓率为68．77％，传播途径回答正确率高，非传播途径较低；对蚊虫叮咬能否传播艾滋病的回答正确率仅51．47％，窗口期的正确认识率为34．58％。不同年龄（χ^2=9．1251，P=0．0104）、文化程度（χ^2=65．0760，P〈0．0001）、职业（χ^2=30．5597，P〈0．0001）人群的知晓率存在明显差异。对于艾滋病病人的歧视态度仍存在，仅28．82％的献血者愿意与其共同进餐。获得艾滋病相关知识途径主要有电视（80％）、免费宣传资料（44％）等。52％的人认为对艾滋病的宣传力度足够。结论加强无偿献血者艾滋病相关知识宣传，不仅注意对三大传播途径的宣传，真正消除心理歧视，还应加大对非传播途径的宣传力度，加强窗口期宣传；重视不同人群的差异性，注意宣传的连续性和广泛性。Objective To investigate AIDS knowledge, attitude and behavior among the voluntary blood donors and to provide scien- tific evidences for proper health education in blood donors. Methods The voluntary blood donors among 18-55 years old were interviewed face to face by self-designed questionnaires. The double entry and validation of Epidata 3.1 and the package of SAS9.1.3 were used to do statistical analysis. Results In the research of 800 blood donors, the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 68.77%. Blood donors knew more about related knowledge of AIDS transmission than other related knowledge. The right answer for whether mosquito bites could spread HIV was only 51.47%. And only 34.58% of the donors had a correct recognition of the window phase. There were significant differences in different ages （χ^2=9.125 1, P=0.010 4）, education level （χ^2=65.076 0, P〈0.000 1） and occupation （χ^2=30.559 7, P〈0.000 1） about the awareness rate of AIDS. Discriminatory attitudes still existed for AIDS patients, only 28.82% of the donors were willing to share meals with AIDS. Access to AIDS related knowledge mainly was from television （80%） and free publicity materials （44%）. Among them, 52% of people believed that propaganda against AIDS was enough. Conclusion It＇s still necessary to strengthen the publicity about AIDS related knowledge among voluntary blood donors. Not only pay attention to the correct understanding of the three routes of transmission and eliminate psychological discrimination, but also increase the propaganda of non-transmission knowledge, and strengthen the broadcast of window period. At the same time, we should think highly of the difference between different groups, and pay attention to continuity and extensive publicity.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 艾滋病 知识 态度 行为 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]