厌氧氨氧化滤柱处理生活污水及稳定性  

Performance and stability of anammox biological filtration on sewage disposal

作　　者：高伟楠[1] 李冬[1] 吴迪[1] 曾辉平[1] 张杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学水质科学与水环境恢复工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第6期2112-2119,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-10-0008);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07202-005);北京工业大学研究生科技基金资助项目(ykj-2012-8699)

摘　　要：为探究厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）处理城市生活污水的效果及稳定性，采用不含有机碳源的模拟废水梯度改变进水总氮质量浓度（240 mg/L降至50 mg/L），后改用含有机碳源的实际生活污水，实现了厌氧氨氧化生物滤柱超过140 d的稳定高效运行。研究结果表明：厌氧氨氧化生物滤柱在16~24 ℃时依然保持良好活性，但总氮去除负荷（NRR）随着温度的下降而显著降低，其变化规律符合Arrhenius方程，实际活化能为62.824 kJ/mol；进水总氮质量浓度降至50 mg/L未降低滤柱的处理性能及稳定性，同时由于游离亚硝酸（FNA）的抑制解除，NRR提高了10%；滤柱能够承受低基质所带来的高水力负荷，综合考虑NRR、总氮去除率（TNR）及水力负荷，滤速应控制在9.00~11.21 m/h；当进水ρC/ρN（有机物质量浓度与氮素质量浓度之比）小于0.3时，可实现厌氧氨氧化与反硝化耦合，提高TNR；厌氧氨氧化生物滤柱能够实现对于中低温（16~24 ℃）、低基质（50 mg/L）并含有有机碳源（ρ（BOD）为15 mg/L）的生活污水的稳定高效处理，平均出水总氮质量浓度为9.38 mg/L，平均TNR达到了81.00%，平均NRR为0.93 kg/（m3·d），总氮处理达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。试验全程超过300 d，厌氧氨氧化生物滤柱能够保持稳定性，厌氧氨氧化计量系数稳定，滤柱结构未因滤速、有机碳源的变化而改变。The effect and stability of sewage disposed by anaerobic ammonia oxidation（ANAMMOX） process were explored in ANAMMOX biological filtration.Synthetic wastewater without organic carbon was firstly adopted as influent and total nitrogen（TN） concentration decreased from 240 mg/L to 50 mg/L, and then influent was changed into sewage including organic carbon, which maintained stable and efficient operation for 140 d. The results indicate that ANAMMOX biological filtration can keep good activity at 16-24 ℃. TN removal rate （NRR） declines significantly with the decrease of temperature and its varying pattern fitted Arrhenius Equation, and the actual activation energy is 62.82 kJ/mol. The disposal performance and stability of the reactor were not affected by the low nitrogen influent, meanwhile, as the inhibition caused by free nitrous acid （FNA） decreases, the NRR increases by 10%. The biological filtration can endure the high hydraulic loading brought by low substrate, and filtration velocity should be controlled between 9.00 and 11.21 m/h integratedly considering NRR, TNR and hydraulic impact. The coupling of ANAMMOX and denitrification can be realised when ρC/ρN is below 0.3 and TNR is improved by 10%. On the condition of 16-24 ℃, ρ（TN） 50 mg/L, ρ（BOD） 15 mg/L, the reactor gets a stable performance where average effluent TN is 9.38 mg/L, average TNR reaches 81.00%, and average NRR is 0.93 kg/（m3·d）, which reaches ⅠA standard of the Urban Sewage Treatment Plant Pollutant Discharge Standard of China for TN. The test lasted for more than 300 d, ANAMMOX biological filtration used to dispose municipal sewage maintains stable, the characteristic ratio of the process is steady and layer is not changed by the variation of filtration velocity and organic carbon source.

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 生活污水 生物滤柱 中低温 反硝化 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]