“草原牧鸡治蝗”的生态和经济效应  

Effects of Ecology and Economic in Pastured Chicken to Control Locusts

作　　者：刘笑冰[1] 王树涛[2] 高程达[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京农学院经济管理学院,北京102206 [2]北京农学院城乡发展学院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2014年第14期23-28,共6页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2012BAD14B09);北京市教育委员会科研基地建设(PXM2013-014207-000049);北京市教育委员会科技成果转化和产业化(PXM2013-014207-000078)

摘　　要：我国草原面积占国土面积的41．7％，气候干旱，蝗虫发生频率高，研究和发展“草原牧鸡治蝗”对草原的可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究根据生态工程学原理和蝗虫生活习性，设计了“草原一蝗虫一鸡一鸡粪一草原”生态模式，在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市鄂温克族自治旗设立试验点并布置试验，研究了“草原牧鸡治蝗”对草原土壤养分、生物量积累和虫口密度的影响和控制，在生物防治蝗虫的同时，生态养鸡，变“蝗害”为“肉鸡和鸡蛋”。通过该生态模式的运行，草原的生物量有所提高，生态效应明显，草原土壤结构、养分、肥力有一定程度的改善，综合肥力提高3％～5％，经济效益明显，年净利润达到48％。There are 41.7 % grassland in land area of China with drought climate and locusts occurring at high frequencies. It is important for us to research and develop biological control and ecological management for sustainable development in grasslands. On base of principles in ecological engineering and habits in locusts, we designed an ecomode, which was ＂prairie - Locust - chicken - chicken manure - Prairie ＂, and set up a pilot site at Evenk county of Hulunbeier city of Inner Mongolia, China. The result from the experiment show that the density of population of locusts reduced significantly, and biomass accumulation and the soil nutrients increased while the chicken and its eggs were harvest by running the eco-mode in the grassland. The ecological effects are obvious for improving the soil structures, nutrient, abilities of fertility in some extent as well as 3%-5 % of integrated soil fertility ability. Meanwhile the economic benefits were obtained as annual net profit of 48% obviously.

关 键 词：草原 蝗虫 牧鸡 生态模式 生态经营 生物防治 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]