基于逆向人体建模技术的工作座椅设计方法  

Design method of working seat based on reverse human body modeling technology,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

作　　者：张磊[1] 石学岗 鲁林平[2] 李岩军 

机构地区：[1]天津理工大学艺术学院.天津300384 [2]天津理工大学机械工程学院,天津300384 [3]天津角度工业设计有限公司,天津300241

出　　处：《机械设计》2014年第7期113-117,共5页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：国家社会科学基金艺术学2013年度文化部文化艺术科学研究资助项目(13DG40);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金资助项目(12YJC760015);天津市科技型中小企业专项资金资助项目(12KQZZGX0049);天津市高等教育学会“十二五”教育科学规划课题资助项目(125q163);天津理工大学教学改革资助项目(YB12-58)

摘　　要：为研究座椅的尺寸参数及舒适性等人机工程问题,运用逆向工程技术获取了人体表面的点云数据,通过Pro/E软件进行了人体参数化模型的重构。以解剖学知识及我国成年人体尺寸为依据,对三维人体模型进行了结构划分,构建了多关节自由度的运动约束模型,并根据健康坐姿知识,快速生成了多百分位人体坐姿三维模型。对座椅主要几何尺寸进行了理论设计,并依据人体几何尺寸、边界条件、自然腰椎形状及健康坐姿要求绘制了座椅的正面及侧面轮廓图。为发挥工业设计软件快速生成模型的特点,以Rhino为平台,导入男性95百分位三维坐姿模型,进一步确定了座面、腰靠、肩靠、颈靠、2个扶手等6个与人体紧密接触部位的空间位置及基本几何形状,并对理论设计结果进行验证。运用NURBS曲面建模技术完善了座椅的形状设计,得到"人-椅"几何匹配模型,为工作座椅的进一步设计研究提供参考。In order to study human-machine engineering problems such as dimensions and comfort, reverse engineering is used to obtain point cloud of human body surface, then parametric. model is constructed by Pro/E. Based on knowledge of anatomy and the size of China adults, the structure of the 3D model is divided, the moving constrain model with muhiple degrees of freedom is built, meanwhile, according to healthy seated posture information, the multi percentile body seated posture 3D model is formed rapidly. Theoretical design on seat geometry demensions is performed, meanwhile, based on body geometry sizes, boundary conditions, natural lumbar shape and healthy seated posture, the front and side profile sketches are drew. To use the characteristic of rapidly producing model of the related industrial design softwares, taking the Rhino software as platform, the male 95 percentile seated posture 3D model is importedo, moreover, the spatial location and basic shape of six parts which have direct contact with body, including seat surface, waist support, shoulder support, neck support and two handrails, are determined, then the theoretical design results are verified. Finally, using NURBS surface modeling technology, the surface shape design is completed and the geometry coupled model between human and seat is obtained, which provides references for next step design of working seat.

关 键 词：工业设计 人机工程 工作座椅 逆向工程 人体建模 “人-椅”几何匹配模型 

分 类 号：TB47[一般工业技术—工业设计] R857.14[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]