不同干燥方式对不同生育期燕麦失水和营养成分的影响  

Effect of Different Drying Methods on Dehydration and Nutrients of Oats in Different Growth Periods

作　　者：王巧玲[1] 花立民[1] 杨思维[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室j甘肃省草业工程实验室/中一美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2014年第4期92-98,共7页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：农业部公益性行业项目(No.201003061、No.201003019);国家科技攻关计划项目(2009BAC53B06);草业生态系统重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)开放基金(CYZS-2011013)资助

摘　　要：为筛选适宜高寒牧区的燕麦干草调制方式,对3个生育期刈割的青海甜燕麦在6种不同干燥处理下失水与营养成分变化进行研究,结果表明:不同时期刈割燕麦干燥快慢顺序均为喷KH2PO4晾干>压裂晒干>喷NaHCO3晾干>喷CaCO3晾干>晒干>草架晾干;同一干燥方式,开花期与灌浆期燕麦干燥用时均比抽穗期长。干燥方式对燕麦ADF、NDF(除抽穗期)、CP、CA和EE含量(除抽穗期)产生显著影响,且与生育期存在显著交互作用。KH2PO4处理抽穗期燕麦的ADF(29.61%)和NDF含量(54.30%)最低,CaCO3处理抽穗期的CP(9.64%)与CaCO3处理灌浆期的EE含量(2.05%)最高,草架处理抽穗期的CA含量(7.46%)最高;随着刈割时间的推迟,各干燥处理的燕麦干草ADF、NDF和EE(除草架与NaHCO3处理)表现上升趋势,CP和CA均表现下降趋势。结合灰色关联度理论和熵权法综合评价,抽穗期喷施CaCO3燕麦干草营养价值最高,抽穗期喷施KH2PO4次之,此两种组合调制的干草质量较高且操作简单,在生产中可优先选用。Six drying methods were compared and the effect on the rate and extent of dehydration and nutritive value of oats cut at three different growth periods were assessed in an alpine pastoral area. The results showed that the order of drying rate of six drying methods for oats at three growth stages was KH2 PO4 spray with shade drying〉 sun drying with fracturing〉NaHCO3 spray with shade drying〉CaCO3 spray with sun drying〉 sun drying〉 shade drying on a hayrack. Under the same hay drying method, the drying time of oats cut at either anthesis or postulation stage was longer than when oats were cut at the heading stage. There were significant influences and an interaction between drying methods and growth stage on ADF （except in postulation period）, NDF, crude protein, coarse ash, crude fat （except in postu- lation period）. The ADF and NDF of oats were the lowest under the treatments of KH2PO4 spray cut at the heading stage. The crude protein and crude fat of oats were the highest under the treatments of CaCOa spray in heading and postulation stages. The coarse ash of oats was the highest under the treatment of NaHCOa spray at the heading stage. When mowing of the oats was delayed, the content of ADF, NDF, and coarse ash increased, but the crude protein and crude ash decreased. Based on the comprehensive eval uation of oats drying methods and growth stage using the grey correlation analysis and entropy method, the optimal drying method was CaCO3 spray with sun drying when oats were cut at the heading stage, the next was KH2PO4 spray with shade drying of oats cut at the heading stage, these two methods can produce the high quality oats hay and are easily applied in field.

关 键 词：燕麦 干燥方式 生育期 干燥特性 干草质量 综合评价 

分 类 号：S816.52[农业科学—饲料科学]