利用毒饵站防治赤腹松鼠危害的可行性研究  

Studies on the Feasibility of Bait Station for Controlling Red-bellied Squirrel(Callosciurus erythraeus) in Planted Forest

作　　者：郝文凯[1] 何开伟 邵高华 陈学武[1] 李盼峰[1] 郭聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064 [2]四川洪雅县林场,四川洪雅620364

出　　处：《四川动物》2014年第4期553-557,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题:林区鼠害防控技术研发与应用(No.2012BAD19B00)

摘　　要：赤腹松鼠剥食树皮的行为常给人工林造成严重危害。因赤腹松鼠在树上活动，防治难度较大，为此进行了在树上放置毒饵站防治其危害的可行性研究。2012年9月-2013年7月，为选择合适的毒饵站类型，对毒饵站的材料、口径和放置高度进行了实验；并调查了赤腹松鼠对毒饵站中饵料取食的季节性变化，评估玉米和大米在不同季节作为饵料防治危害的可行性。研究结果显示，毒饵站的材料（塑料喉管和竹筒）以及在树上的放置高度（0.8 m和1.8 m）对赤腹松鼠的取食无影响，但赤腹松鼠对口径较大（90 mm）的毒饵站的访问显著高于对口径较小（80 mm）的毒饵站的访问。赤腹松鼠对饵料的访问结果显示：赤腹松鼠对玉米的取食率在秋季达到最高32.40%，最低时为夏季8.44%；对大米的取食率在春季达到了最高29.38%，最低时为冬季8.33%。根据实验结果，认为在各个季节利用毒饵站法防治赤腹松鼠的危害都是可行的，可根据具体的防治时间选择玉米或大米作为饵料。此外，赤腹松鼠对大颗粒的玉米饵料的访问显著高于对小颗粒的玉米饵料的访问。在实验过程中通过红外线摄像机采集到的4120张图片和830段视频显示超过99%的饵料均是赤腹松鼠取食的，极少有非靶动物访问毒饵站。赤腹松鼠对饵料的访问行为表现出了晨昏双高峰的特点。The barking behavior of red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus normally causes serious damages in planted forest. However, this was difficult to be controlled due to the arboreal habits of red-bellied squirrel. Bait station on trees was expected to control the population of the animals in this study before application. During September 2012 to July 2013, the visit preference of red-bellied squirrels to the bait stations was tested by using different materials, diameters and heights of bait stations placed on trees. The seasonal bait visit was observed as well. The results showed that no significant difference was observed on the visit preference of red-bellied squirrels to the bait stations that made by different materials （plastic variable pipe or bamboo） and that placed at different heights （0.8 mor1.8 m）. However, the red-bellied squirrel preferred the bait stations with larger diameter （90 mm）. The rank of visit rates of red-bellied squirrels to corn was autumn〉spring〉winter〉summer, and the rank of visit rates of red-bellied squirrels to rice was spring〉autumn〉summer〉winter. And the highest visit rate to corn and rice was 32.40% and 29.38%, respectively. The lowest visit rate to corn and rice was 8.44% and 8.33%, respectively. These results indicated that the bait station could be used to control red-bellied squirrel. Both corn and rice could be used as bait. Moreover, red-bellied squirrels showed significant preference to large corn than the small one. During the experiment, a total of 4120 photographs and 830 videos were taken with infrared camera, and there were rare un-target animals visited the bait stations. The highest visiting frequencies of red-bellied squirrel to the bait stations were observed in the morning and nightfall.

关 键 词：赤腹松鼠 毒饵站 危害 饵料 

分 类 号：Q959.837[生物学—动物学]