黑暗培养环境下紫外线对压载水中海藻的灭活效果  

Inactivation Efficiency of Marine Microalgaes in Ballast Water by UV-C in a Dark Cultivation Environment

作　　者：刘澈[1,2] 刘文君[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]中国电子工程设计院,北京100840

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2014年第15期77-80,共4页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAC11B05)

摘　　要：按照《国际船舶压载水及沉积物控制和管理公约》对岸基测试试验的要求,采用准平行光束仪对8种海藻进行紫外线辐射后黑暗环境培养5 d,研究紫外线对它们的灭活效果。结果表明,紫外线对三角褐指藻、中肋骨条藻、盐生杜氏藻和赤潮异弯藻具有一定的灭活效果,灭活率随着紫外线剂量的增加而提高,在剂量为400 mJ/cm2时灭活率分别为48.5%、86.8%、98.2%和100%;小剂量的紫外线辐射会刺激青岛大扁藻的生长,当剂量>200 mJ/cm2时藻细胞数量开始缓慢减少,在剂量为400 mJ/cm2时灭活率为15.9%;小剂量的紫外线辐射对小新月菱形藻和塔胞藻具有一定的灭活效果,在剂量>300 mJ/cm2时灭活效果开始降低,在剂量为400 mJ/cm2时灭活率分别为42.2%和18.1%;紫外线剂量≤400 mJ/cm2时对利玛原甲藻没有灭活效果。总体来看,紫外线对海藻的灭活效果较差。藻细胞个体大小不是影响紫外线灭活效果的因素,藻的种类、藻细胞壁的有无及其成分的不同可能是造成灭活效果不同的原因。According to the base test requirements of International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships＇ Ballast Water and Sediments, the collimated light beam was employed to irradiate eight species of marine microalgae and to investigate the inactivation efficiencies of them by UV-C in a dark cultivation environment. The results showed that UV-C had inactivation efficiency on Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella salina and Heterosigma akashiwo. The inactivation rates increased with the increasing of UV-C doses. With the dose of 400 mJ/cm2, the inactivation rates were 48.5%, 86.8%, 98.2% and 100% respectively. Low dose of UV-C could stimulate the growth of Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis. When the dose was increased to more than 200 mJ/cm2, al- gal cell numbers started to decrease. When the dose was increased to 400 mJ/cm2, the inactivation rate was only 15.9%. However, low dose of UV-C could inactivate Nitzschia clostertum and Tetraselmis sp. When the dose was increased to more than 300 mJ/cm2, the inactivation rate began to decrease. When the dose was increased to 400 mJ/cm2, the inactivation rates were 42.2% and 18.1% respectively. If the dose less than 400 mJ/cm2, UV-C presented low inactivation efficiency of Prorocentrum lima. There- fore, the inactivation efficiency of marine microalgae by UV-C were relatively low. In addition, the algal cell size was found not to be one of the factors influencing the UV-C inactivation efficiency. The algal species, the existence and inexistence of the algal cell wall and the different components of algal wall might be the main factors influencing the different inactivation efficiency.

关 键 词：压载水 海藻 紫外线 黑暗培养环境 灭活效果 

分 类 号：X736.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]