对稻麦秸秆还田问题的思考  

Thoughts on returning straw to field

作　　者：常志州[1] 王德建[2] 杨四军[1] 王灿[2] 张斯梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所、农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,江苏南京210014 [2] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第2期304-309,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(12)1002]

摘　　要：众所周知,秸秆还田是提高土壤肥力与防止秸秆焚烧的一个十分重要途径,同时,秸秆也是宝贵的再生资源,多级利用可以发挥其最大的效益,这是否意味着稻麦秸秆能长期连续全量还田?或秸秆可以全部收集离地?本文以江苏省农业科技自主创新项目阶段性研究成果为基础,结合国内外相关文献资料,通过探讨稻麦秸秆全量还田对产量和土地持续生产力的影响及其环境效应,对稻麦秸秆最大还田量进行了分析,同时讨论了基于维持土地生产力的稻麦秸秆最低还田量问题,旨在为稻麦秸秆还田或收集利用提供参考。研究结果表明,为维持土壤地力的持续提高,一定量的秸秆还田是必要的;稻麦秸秆全量还田对稻麦有增产作用,可减少农田氮、磷径流损失,并能显著提高土壤肥力水平,但麦秸还田会增加稻田温室气体排放;因此,在条件允许下,应避免或减少麦秸还田。Straw returning is an important way of soil management to improve soil fertility and protect environment.The rational utilization of straw resources benefits the sustainable development of soil fertility, soil conservation, environ-mental safety, and the whole agricultural ecosystem. Since straw is also a valuable renewable resource, would rice andwheat straw all return to or removed from field be the most sustainable practice？ In this paper, maximum and minimum a-mount of rice and wheat straw returning to field were evaluated based on overseas and domestic studies, and the effects oftotal straw returning to soil on crop yield, quality, growth and soil fertility were systematically analyzed, which providedpractical and theoretical basis for nutrient management, environment optimization and ecological improvement. The resultsshow that a certain amount of straw returning is necessary to maintain the soil fertility, and it is possible to both sustain soilproductivity and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Total straw returning can reduce nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses,significantly improve soil fertility, and increase the crop yields. However, wheat straw returning increases greenhouse gas e-mission, it is recommended to reduce or avoid wheat straw returning.

关 键 词：稻麦秸秆 最大还田量 最小还田量 还田模式 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]