基于物质流分析的发酵床重金属As的累积特征  

Characteristics of heavy metal arsenic accumulation in bio-bed based on material flow analysis

作　　者：张丽萍[1,2] 盛婧[1,2] 孙国锋[1,2] 郑建初[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2014年第2期319-324,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业专项基金项目(201203050-2)

摘　　要：为了研究猪舍不同发酵床垫料及发酵床底部表层土壤中重金属As的累积特征与活性大小,以节约经济成本和适宜猪生长发育为前提选取3种发酵床垫料组合:40%稻壳+60%菌糠(FJ)、40%稻壳+60%锯木屑(FD)、40%稻壳+60%酒糟(FW),采用物质流分析和潜在生态危害评价的方法进行研究。结果表明,经过1个饲养周期,FD组合的发酵床垫料中重金属As的累积量最高;不同垫料组合对As活性大小的影响不同,FJ组合中有效态As显著高于其他两种,所占比例高达14.25%(P<0.05);表层土壤中FJ组合中有效态As同样显著高于其他两种,所占比例为8.68%(P<0.05),其次是FW组合>FD组合。因此从减少As污染角度出发,FD组合优于FJ组合和FW组合。经过生态危害评价分析,3种组合垫料在养殖结束后其潜在生态危害均未超过轻微生态危害临界值(Ei r≤40),在不断补充垫料的前提下发酵床可以使用约3年。To save costs and build an enviroment for pig growth, three combinations of padding material in pig bio-bed were selected, 40% rice husk＋ 60% mushroom bran （FJ）, 40% rice husk＋ 60% sawdust （FD）, 40% ricehusk＋60% vinasse （FW）, and the arsenic （As） accumulation and activities in different bio-bed pads and topsoil weremeasured by material flow analysis （MFA）. After one breeding cycle, the combination of FD showed stronger ability toabsorb As. The As activity was significantly higher in bio-bed of FD combination than those in the other two, accountingfor 14. 25% （P〈0.05）. The As activity in the topsoil was significantly higher than those in the other two, accounting for8. 68% , followed by FW and FD （P〈0.05）. The combination of FD was greater than FJ and FW for lower As activityand intermediate potential ecological risk of As. Thepotential ecological risks of the three combinations of litterwere less than the minimal ecological risk threshold（Eir臆40） after a breeding cycle about 150 d. To bestcontrol the As pollution, the design life of bio-bed shouldbe less than three years in the premise of constantly replenishing padding material.

关 键 词：发酵床垫料 As累积 有效态重金属 潜在生态危害 物质流分析 

分 类 号：S53[农业科学—作物学]