施肥对水田和旱地有机碳和黑碳的影响  

Organic carbon and black carbon with fertilization in paddy and upland soils

作　　者：邵兴华[1] 王爱斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]上饶师范学院生命科学学院,江西上饶334001

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2014年第4期554-559,共6页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41261074);江西省教育厅资助项目(GJJ12605)

摘　　要：在30多年的长期肥料试验区,研究了水田、旱地等2种利用方式下,有机肥、化肥,及有机肥和化肥混合施用对耕层土壤有机碳和黑碳质量分数的影响.结果表明：经过30多年稻Oryza sativa-稻-休闲耕作（水田）,早玉米Zea mays-晚玉米-冬闲制耕作（旱地）后,无论水田、旱地氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥处理,耕作层（0～20 cm）有机碳质量分数均高于单施化肥、不同化学肥料配施、单施有机肥以及不施肥,说明相对于其他施肥处理,有机无机肥配施为最佳施肥措施.黑碳质量分数红壤旱地集中在2.72～5.33 g·kg-1,水田集中在9.01～10.60 g·kg-1,旱地单施钾肥与单施有机肥处理,氮与氮磷钾处理无显著差异,其他各处理间黑碳质量分数差异显著（P＜0.05）,水田各处理黑碳质量分数差异不显著.旱地有机碳与黑碳显著相关（P＜0.05）,而水田有机碳黑碳相关不显著,说明除施肥措施外,土壤黑碳质量分数还可能受到土地利用方式、种植作物的影响.相同施肥措施下,水田有机碳和黑碳质量分数均高于旱地,说明水田更有利于有机碳、黑碳的累积.Soil organic carbon is a vital soil component that affects the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. The soil organic carbon pool is mainly composed of two components, that is, the inert or recalcitrant component and the labile oractive fraction. Black carbon （BC）, the main form of the inert or recalcitrant component of soil organic carbon pool. Maintenance of their contents in the soil has been the important measure for improving productivity and stabilizing ecosystems. In this paper, the impact of fertilization on or ganic carbon and black carbon was studied in subtropical China by sampling in field. Soils were collected from sites where a long-term fertility experiment had been carried out for over 30 years in Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province. A fully randomized plot design was used in the experiment with eight treatments. They were designed and laid out： （Trl） no fertilizer （ck）; （Tr2） N fertilizer alone iN）; （Tr3） K fertilizer alone （K）; （Tr4） NK; （Tr5） NPK; （Tr6） 2 （NPK） （twice treatment）; （TrT） organic manure （OM）; and （Tr8） NPK ＋ OM. Each treatment was carried out in three plots. Except for the 2NPK and ck treatments, the same amounts of NPK chemical fertilizer were applied in each treatment： N, 90 kg urea-N-hm-2. a-1; P, 45 kg triple superphosphate- P-hm-2· a-1; K, 75 kg potassium chloride-K＂ hm-2. a-1; or pig manure at 22 500· kg-hm-2· a-1.The results showed that organic carbon of Tr8 was significantly greater （P =0.05） in the 0-20 cm topsoil of both upland and paddy soils than Trl, Tr2, Tr3, Tr4, Tr5, Tr6, and TrT. Black carbon ranged from 2.72 to 5.33 g·kg-1 in upland soil

关 键 词：土壤学 水田 旱地 施肥 有机碳 黑碳 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]